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1、七选五(2018.1海淀期末)A kiln (窑) is a type of oven or furnace used to cure, harden, or burn certain materials. Depending on which materials are heated in it, a kiln may be square, tunnel shaped, or beehive shaped, and usually made of brick or stone. 71 It may be set as low as sixty-five degrees to cure gra
2、in or as high as 3,200 degrees to transform limestone to quicklime (熟石灰). 72 They have a variety of purposes. The cement(水泥) industry uses revolving kilns to heat and separate raw materials. Bricks, pottery, and china made from clay must be fired, or hardened, in kilns. Certain kinds of coal and woo
3、d must be kiln-dried before they can be used. Hobbyists use small kilns to fire a variety of ceramic(陶瓷) objects.There are two main types of kilns. A periodic kiln, used to fire certain kinds of delicate china, is raised to a high temperature and then completely cooled before its contents are remove
4、d. A continuous, or tunnel kiln contains several chambers, or zones, which heat, bake, and cool a product. Stacks of clay bricks move through a tunnel kiln on tracks. 73 Gas, oil, and coal are all used to heat modern kilns. 74 But for special jobs, where cleanliness and careful heat are important, k
5、ilns must be heated by electricity oven though it is more expensive. Small kilns used in the home or in craft shops are also heated electrically because electricity is clean and convenient. 75 When ancient people discovered that heat hardened some materials, they were able to make durable household
6、objects such as jugs and bowls. Today our museums display many kinds of ancient statues and art objects that have lasted because they had been kiln-dried. They come from lands as far apart as China and Greece.A. Its temperature may vary.B. Then they come out, hardened, and cooled.C. Kilns are used i
7、n industry and in craft-making.D. Kilns have been in use for thousands of years.E. An electric kiln is a heating chamber used to transform materials.F. Most manufacturers use whichever material is cheapest in their area.G. Clay, when heated properly, becomes hard enough to form bowls and plates.七选五(
8、2018.1西城期末)VoluntourismVolunteering to help peoplein needcombinedwithtravelling to faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism. 71 They find it is the best way to get the best of the world. Recentstatistics show that in the past few years voluntourism has been one
9、 of the fastest-growing areas oftourism. More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries.They help build schools,assistin hospitals and do farming work indeveloping countries. 72 They keep in touch with their host families after they return home, and many return to vi
10、sit.There are many reasons why people want toengagein voluntourism. When people choose to join a voluntourism program, they are joining a global network of volunteers who are living and working with diverse cultures on projects that have a positive effect. The volunteers come from all over the world
11、, and they will share the passion for giving back and the desire to broaden horizons. Some students also see it as agap yearafter school, while others simply want to take time out from a job and do something else. 73 However, many voluntouristsdo not see volunteering as what it is. They think it is
12、a cheap way of travelling and dont really want to getinvolvedin hard work.While voluntourism has been around for over acentury,modern volunteering started with the Peace Corps, a program that the USgovernmentstarted in the 1960s. From then on, voluntourism has become more and more popular. Many orga
13、nizations start similar projects. 74 And they have hundreds of different types of programs for people to choose from in more than 30 developing countries. The programs run year round and each volunteer chooses when they want to start and the duration they would like to stay for. 75 They say thatifpe
14、ople really want to help those in need, there are manyopportunitiesin their owncommunityto do this. On the other side,volunteers are often notskilledenough for thetasksthat they do. Travel expertspoint outthat in some casesvoluntourists areoften taken advantage ofby the organization that sets up the
15、trips.A. Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way.B. Some of themestablishlastingbondswith people there.C. And there are those who are bored andmerelyseekadventure.D. Most voluntourism organizations employ people from similar fields.E. By participating in voluntourism, they are contributing
16、to local economy.F. People travel to other countries,learn languagesandgainnewexperiences.G. They offer voluntourism trips to suit peoples interest, experience level or age.七选五(2018.1东城期末) In all our lives we must make choices. You make choices from the time you get out of bed in the morning until you go to sleep at night. What ti
