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1、句子的成分,MembersoftheSentence,预习,1）Iamastudent.2）Theyarefriends.3）Wewenttothemoviesyesterday.4）SheiswatchingTV.5）Heisgoingcampingnextweek.6）-WhereisLiLei?-HehasgonetoJapan.,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,主语TheSubject,主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词
2、、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。,GinaisfromAustralia.LucyisanAmericangirl.Sheoftengoestothemovies.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.Threeplusfiveequalseight.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型Gina,Lucy,She,We,Theclassroom,Threeplusfive,ToteachthemEngli
3、sh,名词Noun（n.）,我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。如：Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace,代词Pronoun（pron.）,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如：we,that,his,what1人称代词物主代词指示代词,人称代词,物主代词,指示代词,表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。,谓语ThePredicate,说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语
4、（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。谓语一般在主语后面。,Wearebothquiet.Hehasatoothache.Hisparentsareteachers.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakEnglish.arequiet;hasatoothache;areteachers;lookswell;study;havefinished;canspeak,表语ThePredicative,说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，
5、和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后面。,Hermotherisabankclerk.Areyouready?Ourcountryisgettingstronger.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Theyareathomenow.Mybookisonthedesk.Everybodyishere.abankclerk;ready;gettingstronger;younger;athome;onthedesk;here,宾语TheObject,表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。一般在谓语之后。,Allofusl
6、ikehim.Hesplayingsoccer.CanIasksomequestions?Sheisplayingthepianonow.Heoftenhelpsme.Lucylikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.him;soccer;questions;thepiano;me;tosleep;living,定语TheAttribute,用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。,Ihave
7、somethingtodo.Whatsyourname,please?Shesagoodbasketballplayer.Thegirlbehindthetreeismysister.Thelittleboygavemeabigapple.Theblackbikeismine.Theymadepaperflower.todo;your;good;behindthetree;little,big;black;paper,状语TheAdverbial,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。,Peo
8、pleareallworkinghard.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.Hediditcarefully.Theywanttoseeherverybadly.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Suddenlyitbegantorain.Hesattheresmoking.all,hard;very,inwinter;carefully;badly;Withouthishelp;Suddenly;theresmoking,补语,英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足
9、语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。,Ifounditverydifficulttofindwork.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.WefoundLilyoutwhenwearrived.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Isawastrangerenterthebuilding.Ifyouletmego,Iwillmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.verydifficult;broken;out;working;enterthebuilding;
10、king;open,句子成分随堂练习找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分,LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.状主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.Theplaywasveryinteresting.主系状表Icanthearaword.Icanthearaword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.Theyweretalkingloudly.主谓状,ItwasSunday.ItwasSunday.主系表InevergetupearlyonSundays.Inevergetupe
11、arlyonSundays.主状谓状状Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.Ilookedattheyoungmanandthe主谓宾youngwomanangrily.宾状,Ireadafewlines,butIdidntunderstandaword.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnt主谓定宾连主谓understandaword.谓宾Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidntsendcardstomyfriends.Myholidayspassedquickly,butI主谓状连主didntsendca
12、rdstomyfriends.谓直接宾语间接宾语,Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.主谓状连谓定宾HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.Heisworkingforabigfirmandhehas主谓状连主谓alreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferent状谓定定placesinAustralia.宾定,Hehasjustboughtacaran
13、dhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.Hehasjustboughtacarand主谓状谓宾连hasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltown谓状同位语inthecentreofAustralia.定,Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreet主谓宾定onceamonthandalwaysasksfor状连状谓amealandaglassofbeer.宾,
