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1、动词不定式,结构:todo(否定)nottodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,1.作主语,2.作表语,3.作宾语,4.作宾语补足语,5.作定语,6.作状语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,三.用法/功能,Toseeistobelieve.Itsimportanttolearn.,(1).主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.,is,is
2、,(2).表语,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtoleavenow.,(3)宾语,think/consider/findit+adj.+todo,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse拒绝,learn,choose,decide,agree,try,pretend假装,plan.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,(4).宾补,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,等,tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事expectsbtodosth期
3、待某人做某人常见词：allow，choose,want,tell,ask,invite,help等,不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.,Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworr
4、yabout.,(5).定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。,2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。,3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或
5、way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。,请给我一支写字的笔.,Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.,4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2.Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）
6、,Icameheretoseeyou.我来这见你。（我来这，目的是见你）Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.他早早起床赶火车。（他早起床，目的是赶火车）,(6)状语（表示目的）,(7).独立结构,tobefrank,tobehonest,totellyouthetruth,Totellyouthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.,关于小品词to,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,eg:Wouldyouliketobeate
7、acher?Idliketobe.,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?,固定句型:,hadbetter/hadbest+(not)do
8、sth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?prefertodo/preferdoingprefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingBprefer+todoAratherthan(to)doBwouldrather(not)dosth.wouldratherdoAthan(do)Bwouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.
9、),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticiscons
10、idered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,B,D,C,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningi
11、toffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,B,D,C,7.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.scho
12、olforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,B,A,9.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoi
13、ngC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,D,B,12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,A,A,C,Exercise,1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdont
14、knowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake3.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,4.Havingatripabro
15、adiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.wh
16、enC.howD.why,7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove_t
