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1、Welcome to the unit,形容词性从句-定语从句,用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。,形容词作定语 I dont like lazy people. 完整的句子作定语 I dont like the people who never keep their word.,先行词 关系词 定语从句的两个重要概念： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象 关系词：1.代词的作用，重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定成分。 2.连接作用，连接主句和从句,定语从句常用关系词,关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句中
2、作主、表、宾、定等成分） 关系副词：where(on which), when(in which), why(for which)（在句中作状语） 考点： 关系词的选用与其在从句中所做成分有关 从句也要主谓一致，其谓语的数根据先行词来变化,典型例题,3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party w
3、as founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when,3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。,关系词在定语从句充当的成分,关系词用作从句的主语 The woman is a famous dancer and sh
4、e lives next door. The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.,The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。,关系词用作从句动词的宾语,Id really like to find a friend and I can trust him. Id really like to find a friend who I can tru
5、st.,典型例题,He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.,关系词用作从句中的介词的宾语,Im talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them. Im talking about friends who you can
6、 share almost everything with.,典型例题,Can you lend me the book _the other day? about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。,作宾语的关系词可以省去,Id really like to find a friend （who） I can trust. Im talking abo
7、ut friends （who ）you can share almost everything with.,典型例题,Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。,关系代词与先行词的搭配关系,关系代词,一、一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that, who或whom引导。如： I know t
8、he young man that/who is reading under the tree. 我认识在树下读书的那个年轻人。 The girl whom you talked about a moment ago is my daughter. 你们刚才谈论的女孩是我的女儿。 当指人的先行词后有介词时，关系代词不用that, 而要用whom。如： Jim is the person for whom you are looking. 吉姆是你在寻找的人。,关系代词,二、当先行词指物时，用which或that引导。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。如： Give me the pen th
9、at/which is on the desk. 把桌子上的钢笔给我。,关系代词,1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to
10、see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.,关系代词,3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The n
11、umber of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?,5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 表示人或物的所有关系,(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The cl
12、assroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?,使用要点,1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 e.g. The classroom that is on the fourth floor is
13、 poorly equipped.,2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。 e.g. This is the girl with whom he works.,3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。 e.g. I have come to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.,4. 只用that，不用which的情况： a.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时； This is the second computer that father has just bought. b.当先行词前有the only,
14、 the very, the last等词修饰时； The only thing that they can do is to wait. c.当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时； There is nothing that can stop him from doing it.,e. 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时； f. It is 句型中的引导定语从句时,g.当先行词既有人，又有物时。 Sally i
15、s talking about the writer and his book that interests her. h.当主语是who的疑问句。如： Who is the boy that is playing computer games?,典型例题,Im interested in _you have said. all that B. all what C. that D. which Is _ some German friends visited last week? this school B. this the school C. this school one D. thi
16、s school where 答案：AB,5. 只用which，不用that的情况： a.在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。如： They are talking about the TV play, which they saw last night. 他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。 b.引导词前有介词时； This is the house in which Tom once lived. 这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。 c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导； He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.,典型例题,Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is
