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1、 2011-2012学年9年级英语（ 牛津译林版）上册素材（含教案和练习）Unit 5 Films(B)一、教学内容：9A Unit 5 Grammar 二、教学目标：1. 过去完成时2. 用 should, ought to, had better, have to and must 提建议3. 用 why not, why dont youand perhaps提建议三. 具体教学过程（一）过去完成时1. Structure(结构)： had+p.p.(动词的过去分词) 2. 过去分词的构成规则变化：1) 一般动词 +ed cleancleaned believebelieved2) 以e
2、结尾的动词 +d livelived useused raiseraised3) 以“辅音字母+y” yi+ed trytried crycried studystudied4) 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母再加edstopstopped shopshopped不规则变化：1) 没有变化 cutcut costcost letlet putput 2) 过去式、过去分词相同buyboughtbought buildbuilt built burnburntburnt catchcaughtcaught fightfoughtfought3) 原形与过去分词相同become
3、becamebecome comecamecome runranrun4) 无一点规律dodiddone givegavegiven flyflewflown巩固练习：用过去完成时完成下列表格VerbPast perfect tenseVerbPast perfect tenseact helpbeopenbeginseebringsing3. 过去完成时的概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（the past past ）”。She had put most of her effort into ballet training before sh
4、e entered the film industry.She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.巩固练习：1) The train _(leave) before I got to the railway station.2) We had breakfast after we _(do) morning exercise.3) Miss Yang _(be) a typist before she moved to Shenzhen.4) When we reached the cinema, the film
5、 _(begin).5) We _(learn) two units by last month.6) They _(be)to the USA ten times by the end of last September.7) She _(finish) her homework before nine oclock last night.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by + 过去的时间点。如：by 1990, by yesterday evening, by then（2）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：by the end of last term（3）bef
6、ore + 过去的时间点。如：before 9:00 a.m4. 过去完成时的句式1) 肯定句:主语+助动词 had + 过去分词（v.-ed）+其他。其中 had 通用于各种人称。I had been here before he came here. 2) 否定句：主语+hadnt（had not）+v.-ed +其他I hadnt been here before he came here.3) 一般疑问句：Had +主语+v.-ed+其他？Had you been here before he came here? Yes, I had. No, I hadnt.4) 特殊疑问句:特殊
7、疑问词+had+主语+ v.-ed ？What had she been before she became a Hollywood superstar?She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.巩固练习:句型转换：1) The party had begun when he arrived.(改为一般疑问句）_2) I had finished the competition by 8:00yesterday.(对划线部分提问）_the competition?3) They had worked for 10
8、years by the end of last year.(改为否定句）。4) Had you reached the top of the hill before midnight?(否定回答）5. 完成时中常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换如下： borrow keep， buy have， begin be on， finish be over， come/go/get to+地点 be in+地点， die be dead， leave be away， get to know know， join+组织 be in+组织或be a+成员。 open be open close be
9、 closed1) I _ _ (买) the book for 10 days before you asked me to buy one.2) His grandpa _ _ _ (死) for 3 years, before he went to college.3) My mum _ _ _ (去) Shanghai for a week, before the school was over.6. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别）时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间They had arrived at the station by
10、ten yesterday. (说明不到10点就在车站了）They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2）在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后需依据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时Audrey Hepburn had also been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.3）当两个或两个以上的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完
11、成时He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.I (had) called her before I left the office.（二）用 should, ought to, had better, have to, and must 提建议1. should 和ought to 用should/ought to 可以表示“劝说”或“督促”， 和must 一样， 但三者语气强弱不同。用ought to则语气上不那么坚定。用should 语气比较肯定一些，说话人的主观信心要强烈一些。用must则在语气
12、上最强烈。I ought to write to him today. We should protect the environment.You must do your homework.2. must 与have to must表示“必须”，侧重于说话人的主观意志。have to 表示“必须”，侧重于客观的需要，含有“不得不”的意味。He must say it in English. (I want him to do.)He has to say it in English. (Because he doesnt know Chinese.) He must move the big
13、 box. (I am too busy to help.)He has to move the big box. (Hes got no one to help him.)3. had better (常缩写为d better) ，是一固定词组，表示“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better 后面加动词原形，即 had better do sth.。不论主语是第几人称，句子无论是何种时态，had better的形式不变。有时简略地说成 “better do sth.”。Youd better put on the coat. Its cold outside.had better 的否定形式为had better not do sth. 表示“最好不要做”。Youd better not miss the last bus.Youd better not play on the road. Its dangerous.反意疑问句：You had better get there on time tomorrow,_? You had better not play on the road, _? 对长辈说话时用：It might be better for youIt would be better for you （三）用 why not,
