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1、 长安大学本科毕业设计外文翻译院 （系）: 建筑工程学院 专业班级 : 工程管理（01） 学生姓名 : 学 号 ; 2802080127 指导教师 : 完成日期 : 2012年03月25日 要 求1、外文翻译是毕业设计（论文）的主要内容之一，必须学生独立完成。2、外文翻译译文内容应与学生的专业或毕业设计（论文）内容相关，不得少于3000印刷符号。3.外文翻译译文用A4纸打印。文章标题用3号宋体，章节标题用4号宋体，正文用小4号宋体，20磅行距；页边距上、下、左、右均为2.5cm，左侧装订，装订线0.5cm。按中文翻译在上，外文原文在下的顺序装订。4、年月日等的填写，用阿拉伯数字书写，要符合关于
2、出版物上数字用法的试行规定，如“2012年2月28日”。Building engineering biddingYang Cao a,*, Shuhua Wang b, Heng Li aaDepartment of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinabState Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaAbstractNowadays in th
3、e engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article foc
4、uses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is the improtment to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or failure of the bidding work.Becasue the success or failure of the bidd
5、ing for the survival and development of enterprise has a direct impact, so we have a high quality, improve the bid documents of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear, become a research topic.key : bidding drawbacks of unfair competition countermeasuresBidding is a form of project
6、 transactions, project bidding process is to determine the successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project, project bidding work of a very important link, do a good job bidding to determine the price, we can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equ
7、itable market environment, create orderly competition mechanism. Bidding in construction activities, construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful, And from the contracted projects profitable, it needs to integrate various subjective and objective conditions, the tend
8、er research strategy determine tender. Tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills. All of the strategies and skills from the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objective understanding of the law and of the actual situation understanding, but also wit
9、h the contractors decision-making ability and courage are closely related. Bidding documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. The bidding documents will specify that How to conduct each bidding work, how to dispatch bidding documents, the
10、 requirements for tenderer,how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding. Therefore, the personnel who is responsible for prepare bidding documents should first have a general view of the bidding work, include all the requirements and arrangements into the bidding documents. If meet p
11、roblems that have not been considered previously, then resolve them one by one during the preparation. The course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme . In another respect, bidding documents is also the legal instuments. Besides relevant law and rules, the bid
12、ding documents are the common game rules that bidder,bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. Bidding documents are the legal instuments that all the three bidding related parties should subject to, have legal force, therefore, the bidding documents -making personnel require
13、d to have the awareness and quality of leagal in order to reflect the fair, just and legal requirement in the bidding documents.In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing Chinas construction market, improve the constru
14、ction quality and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. This project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the Peoples Republic of China for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put for
15、ward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated.Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively.In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the pr
