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1、第三章词汇特色 ChapterThree lexicalfeatures Contents 1 Concisewords 简洁用词 3 Newwords 新词 4 Imitationwords Coinages 生造词 5 abbreviatedexpressions 缩略语 2 Metonymy 借代 6 Voguewords buzzwords 时髦词 Expressionsinnewsreportshouldbebriefandconcise1 Avoidunnecessaryadj adv andobservethe brevityofthelanguage Themodifiers修
2、饰语shouldbecutout Thesewordsarecalled redundancies 赘词 力求简洁 避免不必要的形容词和副词 如 Brutal murder Angry mob Final outcomeAsa general rule Totally destroyed Controversial issue 第一节用词简洁具体 briefandconcisewords 2 Avoidsemanticrepeation 避免语意重复 Visible totheeye Clear tothemind Consensus ofopinion attendaconferenceon
3、 theissueof sth Notice thephenomenon that Despite thefact that 3 Smallwordsaremorefrequentlyusedthancomplicatedwords 多用简洁明了的常用词 About approximately Show demonstrate Fear apprehension Star silversphere Aid assistance Inaword expressionsinmedianewsshouldbeappliedontheprincipleofbrevity 练习 P36 37 Theus
4、eofconcisewords Group1 whatdoes B refertointhe ABC principle B brevityofthelanguageDothefollowingexamplesobservethe brevityofthelanguage eg 1 Asthetwocountriestrytoboostgrowthfurther China sforeignministryspokesmanHongLeisaidtheseissuescouldbeaddressedbymutualcooperation eg 2 Sotheendresultofthelong
5、campaignagainstgovernmentisthatwe vetakenadisastrouslywrongturn eg 3 Washingtonshouldfurtherdeclarethatasageneralrule U S supportwouldbepoliticalratherthanmilitary overt 公开的 ratherthancovert 隐藏的 Q Isthereanycooperationthatis alone Oranyresultthatdoesnotcomeoutattheend Oranyso calledrulethatbetraysth
6、egenerality Findouttheredundancies 赘词 andmakethemconcise 1 Audienceareamazedatthesurprisingwondercreatedbythemagician 2 Mr Paterson ofcourse stillhastoawaitthefinaloutcomeofaseparateinquiryintowhetherheperjuredhimselfduringaninvestigationintohowhecametobegrantedticketstotheWorldSerieslastfall 3 Only
7、Marinesandsecurityguardswerepresentattheembassywhentheangrymobofabout100approachedthewalls 4 ChancellorAngelaMerkelisstrugglingtofindconsensusofopiniononthefutureofGermany snuclearplants 5 Warmgreetingsandgratefulthankstoyouallasyougathertocelebratethe50thAnniversaryoftheUnitedStatesAirForce surpris
8、ing final angry ofopinion warm grateful Theuseofconcisewords Group2 eg 1 Peopleareworriedaboutthesituationofthebadfinancialcrisis eg 2 HeisworkinghardtoimprovehisEnglishlevel eg 3 Hewillattendaconferenceontheissueofnonproliferation eg 4 Henoticedthephenomenonthatoilpriceisskyrocketingthesedays Q Ine
9、achexample Canyoufindtwopartsthatrefertothesamecontent Andwhichpartcanbeomittedfortheconciseness 1 situation thebadfinancialcrisis2 English Englishlevel 3 theissueof nonproliferation 防止核扩散 4 thephenomenon thatclause Peopleareworriedaboutthebadfinancialcrisis HeisworkinghardtoimprovehisEnglish Hewill
10、attendaconferenceonnonproliferationHenoticedthatoilpriceisskyrocketingthesedays Comparedwiththeobscure晦涩的languageinliterature thelanguageofnewsreportisearlyunderstood newspapers massmedia itaimsatthebroadmassofthepeople Tomakethelanguageconcise bigandcomplicatedwordsareusuallyreplacedbysmallwords eg
11、 1 Therearenosilverspheresinthefirmament Therearenostarsintheheaven eg 2 Theinvestorlostapproximatelyamilliondollarsinthestockmarketinjusttwoweeks approximately about Theuseofconcisewords Group3 usingconcisewordstorewritethesentences 1 TheassistanceprogrampromotedbySenatorJohnKerry chairmanoftheFore
12、ignRelationsCommittee promisedPakistan 7 5billionoverfiveyears muchofitdeliveredthroughtheciviliangovernment 2 DocumentsseizedatthecompoundwhereOsamabinLadenwaskilleddemonstratethatheandhisaidesdiscussedmakingadealwithPakistaninwhichAlQaedawouldrefrainfromattackingthecountryinexchangeforprotectionin
13、sidePakistan AmericanofficialssaidThursday 3 DevelopingeconomiessuchasMexicoandBrazilwouldcommencereductionsaround2040 2045 4 Overtime however suchmarketapprehensionislikelytogiveway Inthelongterm afterall democracyandindividualfreedomarethebestimpetuses 动力 ofprosperity Assistance aid Demonstrate sh
14、ow Commence begin Apprehension fear 第二节Metonymy 借代 借用人 地 物名称 1 各国首都 大城市等地名 2 著名建筑物名称 3 政府首脑姓名替代该国或其政府及有关机构 4 某个物名来表示某个意思 这是新闻英语的独创Thecapital thewell knownbuildingsandthenameofthegovernmentleaderaswellareoftenusedtorefertothecountry governmentortherelevantorganizations Purposes morelivelyandvividChar
15、acteristicsforthemetonymically usedwords 1 Thewordsarewidelyknownwithplentifulmeaningsorconnotations 内涵丰富 广为人知 2 Metonymymakesnewsbriefandconcise 行文简洁明快 withitsjournalismandpopularity 新闻性和通俗性 3 Newsreportwithlivelyandvividwordsaremoreeasilygraspedandunderstood 便于理解 eg U S officialssaytheObamaadminis
16、trationweighingwhethertoordertheNSAtostopspyingonleadersofAmericanallies CaliforniaDemocratDianneFeinstein whochairstheSenateIntelligenceCommittee参议院情报委员会 issuedastatementMondaysayingshewasinformedbytheWhiteHousethat collectiononourallieswillnotcontinue Butadministrationofficialslaterstressedthatafinaldecisiononthematterhasnotbeenmade Q Inthisexample twoexpressionsareusedheretorefertoU S government Canyouspotthem Howcanyourecognizethem ArethereanyrelationsbetweenthesetwoexpressionsandtheU S gove
