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1、2017专升本考试英语语法 关键点 一 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood 这一语法项目是各类英语 论坛 考试中心测试的重点之一 虚拟语 气是一种特殊的动词形式 用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实 而是一种假 设 愿望 怀疑或推测 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句 只有在非真实 条件句中才使用虚拟语气 通过句子意思 看假设的条件是否能够实现 能够 实现是真实条件句 不能使用虚拟语气 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件 句 要用虚拟语气 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反 通常有三种情况 与 过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 与将来事实可能相反 I 最基本的虚拟语气句型 1 虚拟现在时表示与
2、现在事实相反的假设 其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式 be 一般用were 主句用would should could might 动词原形 If places were alike there would be little need for geographers 如果各个地方都一样 就不需要地理学家了 2 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设 if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had 过去分词 主句用would should could might have 过去分词 If he had known your address yesterday he would have telep
3、honed you 3 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设 If从句的谓语 形式用一般过去式或用were to should 动词原形 主句用would should could might 动词原形 If he were to leave today he would get there by Friday 4 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句 有时可以把含有助动词 情态动词 be或have的虚拟 条件句中的连词if省去 而将had should were 等词提到主语之前 即用倒装结构 If he had worked harder he would have got t
4、hrough the exams Had he worked harder he would have got through the exams If he were to leave today he would get there by Friday Were he to leave today he would get there by Friday If I were in your place I wouldn t do that Were I in your place I wouldn t do that 5 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来 而是用介词短语 otherw
5、ise or without but for 上下文或其它方式来表示 如 We didn t know his telephone number otherwise we would have telephoned him Without you help I wouldn t have achieved so much But for 要不是 的意思 your help I would not have succeeded II 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况 1 在表示建议 要求 命令 想法的动词后的从句里 用should 动词原形 should 可以省略 如 advise agre
6、e command decide demand determine grant indicate insist order prefer propose request require stipulate suggest urge vote 常考到的是 suggest advise demand require propose insist order request His doctor suggested that he should take short leave of absence The author proposed that TV should be turned off a
7、t least one hour every day 2 在表示建议 要求 命令 想法的名词后的从句里 用should 动词原形 should可以省略 如 advice decision agreement command decree demand determination indication insistence order preference proposal request requirement stipulation etc It was Bill s suggestion that everyone should have a map His suggestion was
8、that everyone should have a map He gave us a suggestion that everyone should have a map 3 在It is was 形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构 should 可以省略 这类形容词常见的有 advisable anxious compulsory crucial desirable eager essential fitting imperative 绝对必要 impossible improper important natural necessary obligatory possibl
9、e preferable probable recommended urgent vital etc It s natural that she should do so It is essential that we should tell her the news 4 在 lest 和 for fear that 以免 in case 以防 从句中用should should 可以省略 She walked quietly lest she should wake up her roommates Have your gun ready in case we should need it
10、III wish 后的 that 从句中 1 表示现在或将来的愿望 从句中过去式 I wish I knew his address I wish I were young 2 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望 从句用过去完成式或would could might have 过去分词 I wish you had written to him I wish I could have slept longer this morning but I had to get up and come to class 3 如果将wish改成wished 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变 4 如果th
11、at 从句中用would 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter I wish prices would come down I wish you would help me I wish you would stop asking silly questions IV 在 It s about high first second third etc time 后的that 从句中 用过去式 表示 该是做什么的时候了 It is about time you were in bed It is high time we l
12、eft It is the first time I came here V 在would rather would sooner would just as soon 后的that从句中 用过去式或过去完成式 表示 宁愿做什么 I would rather he came tomorrow than today John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening VI 在if only 如果 就好了 的意思 感叹句中 谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同 If only he didn t driv
13、e so fast 现在 If only she had asked someone s advice 过去 If only the rain would stop 将来 VII 在as if as though 从句中 表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑 用过去式 表示过去想象 中的动作或情况 用过去完成式 He speaks as if he were on the spot She spoke to me as if I were deaf This device operated as though it had been repaired 注 1 在 as if as thoug
14、h 句中 如果有可能成为事实 用陈述语气 He looks as if he is going to be ill 2 在 insist 后的从句中 如果是坚持自己 用陈述语气 坚持别人做什么事情 用虚拟语气 She insists that she is right She insisted that I should finish the work at once 非谓语动词 不定式 分词 动名词 一 不定式 1 一般用法 1 作主语 To say something is one thing to do it is another 说是一码事 干是另一码事 形式主语it It is no
15、t fair to blame them for the accident 2 作表语 My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately 3 作宾语 He offered to go with us 他提出和我们一起去 形式宾语it We found it impossible to get everything ready in advance I consider it my duty to point out their shortcomings 4 作宾语或主语的补足语 Mr Smith wants his son to become
16、 a lawyer The suspected man was seen to enter the building 此类动词还有如ask advise allow compel encourage hear intend lead inspire order persuade等 hope demand suggest不可接不定式作宾补 但可跟that引出的宾语从句 He hoped that I would give him more help The doctor suggests that my father should stop smoking 在see hear look at listen to feel observe watch notice等感官动词 以及let make have 等动词后面的不定式要省掉to 但注意在其被动语态中 作为主补的不定式要加上to We are made to write a composition every week by the teacher 5 构成复合谓语结构 be said reported known 不定式 可换成 i
