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1、社会单元Section A Text OneThe Cost of Starting Families FirstI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. make ends meet 2. perk 3. cut back on 4. unencumbered 5. conundrum6. sabbatical 7. intangible 8. time off 9. way 10. skimp on11. put on hold 12.
2、 stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended upII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1. accomplish 2. mature 3. inseparable 4. expenses 5. pregnant6. elevator 7. ease 8. scarcity 9. administration 10 maintenanceIV. Test your general knowledge1. B 2. A
3、3. A 4. C. 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. DV. Proofread the following passageThe majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an“elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,marriage was not based on individual but group choice and w
4、as 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriagehas characteristically occurred at a very early age for women andmaximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balancedby heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perenniallytrigge
5、red by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In this demographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. atThere were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid populationgrowth for short periods before the positive
6、checks operate again.4. operatedWhen the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the greathistoric civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe upto the end of the eighteenth century, is clear that a revolution has5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and s
7、o is themating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has importantimplications for the origins in industrialization and the current6. ofdemographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patternsin the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by theapplication
8、s of new method and the discovery of new materials.7. methodsHistorical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths areextremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely thatmuch could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. th/ethe nineteenth century.
9、 The work of historical demographers, particularlyin France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the methodof “family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages and burials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitantsand other documents, have provi
10、ded a new picture of the emergence of 9. has that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drewattention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentratesphenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its mostextreme and most precocious form.Section
11、A Text TwoBalding, Wrinkled, and StonedI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. turned out 2. irreversible 3. big-time 4. modulate 5. intermittently6. pounce on 7. enormous 8. peer 9. whip up 10. notorious11. rigorous 12. shake off 13. dimini
12、sh 14. threshold 15. come byII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. cumulation 2. estimated 3. recruitment 4. survival 5. intoxicating6. compulsive 7. furtively 8. catastrophically 9. addictive 10. recoveryV. Proofread the following passageThe impulse
13、 for an official report on smoking and health, however,came from a alliance of prominent private health organizations. In June1. an1961, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, theNational Tuberculosis Association, and the American Public HealthAssociation addressed a letter to
14、President John F. Kennedy, on which2. inthey called for a national commission on smoking, dedicated to “seekinga solution to this health problem that would interfere least with thefreedom of industry or the happiness of individual.” The Kennedy 3. individualsadministration responded the following ye
15、ar, after prompting from awidely circulated critical study on cigarette smoking by the RoyalCollege of Physicians of London. On June 7, 1962, recently appointing4. appointedSurgeon General Luther L. Terry announced that he would convene acommittee of experts to conduct a comprehensive review ofthe scientific literature on the smoke question. Terry invited5. smokingrepresentatives of the four voluntary medical organizations who hadfirst proposed the commission, as well as the Food and DrugAdministration, the Federal Tr
