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1、定语从句复习 1 如果先行词是all much anything something nothing everything little none等不定代词 关系代词一般只用that 不用which 例如 Allthebooksheboughtfromthelibrarywerelost A thatB whichC ofwhichD what 2 先行词有两个 既有人也有物 要用that Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool 关系代词that和which的区别 1 宜用that引导的定语从句 A 3
2、如果先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词 first last theonly thevery等 词修饰 关系代词常用that Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess 那是通向你成功的唯一之路 4 当主语是疑问词which或who时 whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal 2 宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时 要用which Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt 引导非限制性定语从句时 要用which Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman
3、 whichhelpedheralot as which非限定性定语从句由as which引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句 相当于andthis或andthat As一般放在句首 which在句中 Asweknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth Thesunheatstheearth whichisveryimportanttous Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise A itB thatC whichD heItrainedhardyesterday preventedme
4、fromgoingtothepark A thatB whichC asD it 不同之处主要有两点 1 as引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as有 正如 正像 的意思asanybodycansee asisknown aswehadexpected as it oftenhappens 2 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which 3 当非限定性从句是否定句或表示否定意义是只能用which Hecamehereveryl
5、ate whichwasunexpected 3 当先行词受such thesame修饰时 常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek 注意 当先行词由thesame修饰时 偶尔也用that引导定语从句 但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary swedding 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的同一条裙子 Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterw
6、ore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语 就必须要求用关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear I llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou 判断改错1 ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear 2 IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside 3
7、 Thisisthemountainvillage which Ivisitedlastyear 4 I llneverforgetthedays which Ispentinthecountryside F F T T 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 Isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysage A whereB thatC onwhichD theone2 Isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld A whereB thatC onwhichD theone 例1变为肯定
8、句 Thismuseumis youvisitedafewdaysago 例2变为肯定句 Thisisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld 在句1中 所缺部分为宾语 而where that onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用 只有theone既做了主句的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选D 而句2中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因inthemuseum词组 可用介词in which引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on用的不对 所以选A 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关系代词 w
9、ho whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where地点状语 when时间状语 why原因状语 区分定语从句和同位语从句1 定语从句修饰先行词 它和先行词是修饰关系 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容 是补充说明的关系 1 TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon 定语从句 2 Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear 同位语从句 2 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 关系词在句中充当成分 有时可以省略 同位语从句主要由that引导 在句中一般不做成分 句子也可以由when where ho
10、w why whether what等词引导 充当成分 1 Thenewshetoldmeistrue 2 Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue 3 Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney 定语 4 Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve 3 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子 而定语从句不可以 1 Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful 2
11、Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice 3 Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall 4 Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth 4 一些特殊的先行词如situation point case activity scene及period festival occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析 作主语 宾语和表语用that which 作状语用where when 介词 which 1 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先
12、行词保持一致 I whoamyourclosefriend willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble 2 oneof 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词 而theonlyoneof 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词 HarryPotterisoneofthebest sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers 定语从句的主谓一致 HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebest sellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire 定语从句的主谓一致 Exercises Motherboug
13、htmeadictionaryonmybirthday mademeveryhappy A whatB thatC whoD which2 Lookatthewatch Don tyouseeitis watch Helenlosttheotherday A asthesame asB thesame asC thesame whichD asthesame that3 isknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth A ItB AsC ThatD What 4 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygo
14、od wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it5 AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild whichB whereC thatD when6 Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery ofgreatimportancetoscience A whichIthinkisB whichIthinkitisC whichIthinkitD Ithinkwhichis 7 ThedoctoradvisedVerastro
15、nglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday but didn thelp A whichB itC sheD he8 isreportedinthenewspaper talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress A ItB AsC ThatD What9 Isthistheonlyreason atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork A thatheexplainedB whatheexplainedC whyheexplainedD whichheexplained Homework Summarizetherulesofattributiveclause Seeyou
