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1、On The Communicative Functions of Ambiguity in English Abstract: Ambiguity is an important feature of our language. And it is also an interesting topic and its study has a long tradition. Many scholars have been researching it from different points of view. The discussion about linguistic ambiguity
2、is not new, so this paper will give a brief introduction of the definition of ambiguity. The classification of ambiguity has been divided into four parts: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity and pragmatic ambiguity. Furthermore, the cause of ambiguity has been discussed fr
3、om different studies in the field. At last, application of linguistic ambiguity is naturally talked about. Linguistic ambiguity can be seen as a sword that has two blades. The negative side should be avoided to make our writing or speech more accurate. The positive side should be studied to make use
4、 of it in literature words which will become more interesting and vivid. That is why we have to do our utmost to study ambiguity in English. The last part of this paper will give some methods to avoid the ambiguity and to appreciate the ambiguous “beauty”. Key Words: ambiguity; classifications; caus
5、e; communicative functions; elimination methods英语歧义交际功能的研究摘 要：任何语言都有歧义现象，英语也不例外。Kess 和koppe显著在其专著Ambiguity in Psycholinguistics 一书中甚至提出“语言无处不歧义”的理论。 本文不仅仅局限于歧义类型的总结、歧义现象的描述，而且将其置于实际的交际使用中加以探讨。本文首先在第一章简单阐述了“歧义”的概念；同时简单了歧义的四大类型 ，分别为语音歧义，词汇歧义，句法歧义，和语用歧义。接着第二章从不同的角度分析了歧义形成的原因，其中乔姆斯机转换生成语法的表层结构和深层结构理论以及冯
6、志伟的潜在歧义结构理论对歧义的形成原因有很强的解释力。然后在接下来的第三章着重研究歧义的两种功能，积极功能和消极功能。最后在第四章中运用一些方法消除消极歧义，以达到歧义“美”的效果。关键词：歧义；类型；成因；交际功能；消歧CONTENTS Introduction11. The Definition and Classifications of “Ambiguity”11.1 The Definition of Ambiguity11.2 The Classifications of “Ambiguity”21.2.1 Phonetic or Phonological Ambiguity21.
7、2.2 Lexical Ambiguity21.2.3 Syntactic Ambiguity31.2.4 Pragmatic Ambiguity42. The Cause of Ambiguity52.1 N. Chomsky and His Theory of Transformational-generative Grammar52.2 Feng Zhiwei and PA (Potential Ambiguity) Theory63. The Communicative Functions of Ambiguity83.1 The Positive Functions of Ambig
8、uity83.1.1 Ambiguity in English Rhetoric Devices83.1.1.1 Ambiguity and Metaphor83.1.1.2 Ambiguity and Pun93.1.1.3 Ambiguity and Irony103.1.1.4 Ambiguity and Euphemism103.1.2 Ambiguity in Advertisement113.1.2.1 Adia113.1.2.2 Employing Negative Sentences113.1.2.3 Assigning Literal Meanings123.1.2.4 Co
9、nveying Covert Information123.1.2.5 Winning New Buyers Without Alienating Previous Buyers143.2 The Negative Functions of Ambiguity153.2.1 Phonetic or Phonological153.2.2 Lexical153.2.3 Syntactic Structure163.2.4 Rhetoric Area163.2.5 Respect Cultural Differences164. The Elimination Methods of Ambigui
10、ty174.1 The Elimination Methods of Phonological Ambiguity174.2 The Elimination Methods of Lexical Ambiguity184.3 The Elimination Methods of Grammatical Ambiguity184.4 Context Analysis is An Important Means in The Identification and Elimination of Ambiguity18Conclusion19Bibliography22Introduction Dur
11、ing my study of John Lyonss Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction, I was deeply interested in a number of distinctions between language and speech, between semantics and pragmatics, between sense and denotation, etc. I have spent a lot of time in reading related books and collecting materials. I wan
12、t to write an essay in order to know more in this field. Although the discussion in this paper is mainly based on Chinese and English examples, hopefully this discussion will shed some light on the universal features of all.1. The Definition and Classifications of “Ambiguity”1.1 The Definition of Am
13、biguityKess and Hoppe put forward their theory in Ambiguity in Psycholinguistics. They said that upon careful consideration, one can not but be amazed at the ubiquity of ambiguity in language.(1981). It shows the importance of the study of ambiguity in linguistic world. There have appeared a great n
14、umber of linguistic schools-Traditional Grammar Structuralism, Transformational Generative Grammar, Case Grammar, and Functional Grammar, etc. Kempson pointed out both word and sentence had not only one meaning. The definition given by is that according to generative grammar, ambiguity is any senten
15、ce which has more than one grammatical analyses. But we can analyze the ambiguous sentence from other angles . E.g. “flying planes”, on the one hand, “planes” can be regarded as an object to the verb “flying”; on the other hand, “planes” can be modified by “flying”. It is thus clear that ambiguity is objective reality in natural language and that there is no patent right for certain theories to analyze ambiguity. We can analyze ambiguity from different angles and through distinct methods, which is helpful to disclose the nature of ambiguity. Ambiguity is the property of a text or
