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1、Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships Friendship Section Grammar-动词-ing形式的完成式作状语和后接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词（词组）语法图解探究发现I was twelve and, having lostall my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.Having been operated on the leg, he cant walk as usual.Not having made adequate preparations, they put
2、off the sports meeting till next Friday.He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting/to get to know people.I like lying/to lie on my back staring at the sky.我的发现(1)以上句中，句中的黑体部分在句中作状语，句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。(2)由句可知，动词ing形式的完成式为having_done，否定式为not_having_done，完成被动式为having
3、_been_done。(3)句中，动词ing 形式与不定式作宾语意义相差不大。(a，b)(a，b)(a，b)句中，动词ing形式与不定式作宾语意义区别很大， 其中a句中作宾语的动词ing形式的动作已经发生，b句中作宾语的动词不定式的动作未发生。一、动词ing形式的完成式作状语1动词ing形式的完成式的构成：having过去分词。动词ing形式的完成式表示该动作发生于句中谓语动词表示的动作之前。动词ing形式的完成式在句中常作状语，表示原因、时间、让步等，常可转换成相应的状语从句。Having written the letter, he went to post it.After he had
4、 written the letter, he went to post it.写完信后，他去寄走它。(时间状语)2动词ing形式的完成式的否定式为：nothaving过去分词。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examination.Because he hadnt studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examination.因为没有努力学习，所以他考试不及格。3动词ing形式的完成式的被动式为：havingbeen过去分词。Having been toldma
5、ny times, he still repeated the same mistake.Although he has been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.已经被告知多次，他仍犯同样的错误。(让步状语)即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Having_read (read) the chapter four times, I finally understood the authors theory.Having_been_warned (warn) of danger in the street at nigh
6、t, she had to go home with a friend following her.(2)句型转换After he had finished his homework, the little boy began to play Internet games.Havingfinishedhishomework,_the little boy began to play Internet games.As he had been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Havingbeentheremanytimes,_he off
7、ered to be our guide.二、后接动词ing形式或不定式的动词(词组)1可用动词ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)常见的能用动词ing形式作宾语的动词有：advise, admit, allow, avoid, consider, miss, keep, practice, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, suggest, mind, permit等。He enjoys listening to light music.他喜欢听轻音乐。(2)常见的能用动词ing形式作宾语的动词词组有：look forward
8、 to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, feel like, insist on, be busy in, have difficulty (in), spend time (in)等。He insists on doing physical training.他坚持体育锻炼。(3)advise, allow, forbid, permit等动词后可直接跟动词ing形式作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语。We dont allow eating in the class
9、room.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。You cant allow fearto impact how you operate.你不能让恐惧对你的行为方式有影响。即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空I appreciate having_been_given (give) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.He always avoids talking (talk) to me.Would you mind my opening (open) the window?Can you imagine him becoming (become) f
10、amous as an actor?Lydia doesnt feel like studying (study) abroad.Her parents are old.2可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, choose, decide, determine, learn, afford, want, expect, hope, refuse, manage, wish, pretend, offer, promise, plan等。As a student, he cant afford to buy a car now.作为一个学生，他现在买
11、不起轿车。(2)能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show, understand, tell, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder等。He didnt knowhow to deal with the accident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。名师点津此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。即时演练3(1)单句改错My English teacher promised to lending some books to me.lendinglendThe train was late and at
12、best I could only hope to being home tomorrow.beingbeCan you inform me when to beginning our final examination？beginningbegin(2)完成句子He showed us how_to_do_the_work.他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。I dont know what_to_do.我不知道做些什么。3可用动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)下列动词(词组)后可跟不定式或动词ing形式作宾语，但在意义上却有着明显的差别。rememberforgetregrett
13、rymeango onPlease rememberto give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Dont you remember telling me the story yesterday?难道你不记得昨天告诉我这个故事了吗？(2)有些动词(like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend等)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，不定式表示特定的未来事件，动名词表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下可以互换。I intend studying/to study abroad.我打算出国留学。(3)动词w
14、ant, need, require作“需要”解，而且当物作主语时，常跟动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟不定式要用被动式。The old house requires repairing/to be repaired.那座旧房子需要修了。即时演练4(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Remember to_return (return) the book to me.But I remember returning (return) it to you.The doctor tried to_cure (cure) the woman of her illness, so he tried
15、 treating (treat) her with a new medicine.That would mean wasting (waste) a lot of labor.Really？I dont mean to_waste (waste) any labor.(2)句型转换My bike needs cleaning.My bike needs tobecleaned.These young trees requires to be watered.These young trees requires watering.用所给词的适当形式填空1Having_been_repaired (repair), the motorcycle must be given a good road test.2Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on what to do next.3Not_having_rea
