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1、Module 1 Basketball Section Grammar-构词法语法图解探究发现He was named their most valued player five times.Lets have a swim.We will try our best to better our living conditions.The girl in black appears very beautiful.我的发现(1)句中,name通常为名词,此处用作动词。(2)句中,swim通常为动词,此处用作名词。(3)句中,better通常为形容词,此处用作动词。(4)句中,black通常为形容词
2、,此处用作名词。(5)中,黑体部分为前缀;中,黑体部分为后缀。前者一般不会改变一个词的词性,后者往往改变一个词的词性。一、词的转化1概念:由一种词类转化为另一种词类,称为词的转化。2常见的词类转化形式:(1)名词转化为动词book n书v.预订;预约dust n灰尘,尘埃v.打扫film n电影;影片v.拍电影;拍摄fish n鱼v.钓鱼mail n邮件v.邮寄;发送seat n座位v.使就座,容纳ship n船v.用船运送;遣送shoulder n肩膀v.负责任,肩负,承担train n火车v.训练,培养water n水v.浇水We should shoulder these respons
3、ibilities.我们应当担负起这些责任。(2)动词转化为名词dress v(给)穿衣服n.连衣裙dream v做梦n.梦look v看;寻找n.看;神色love v爱,喜欢n.爱;爱人plant v种植n.植物;工厂smell v闻到n.气味study v学习;研究n.学习;研究;书房bet v下赌注n.打赌;赌注swim v游泳n.游泳try v尝试n.尝试kick v踢n.踢;踢脚work v工作n.工作In the beginning, John did good work at school.开始时约翰在学校的成绩不错。名师点津由动词转化而来的名词常与 give, have, ma
4、ke, take 等动词搭配来表示一个动作。give a kick踢have a swim 游泳make a bet 打赌(3)形容词转化为动词dirty adj.脏的v.(使)变脏dry adj.干燥的v.擦干,(使)变干empty adj.空的v.倒空free adj.自由的v.释放narrow adj.狭窄的v.(使)变窄slow adj.缓慢的v.(使)减速quiet adj.安静的vt.使平静;使安心The room gradually quieted down.屋里慢慢静了下来。(4)形容词转化为名词chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品,化学药品daily adj.每天的n
5、.日报final adj.最后的n.决赛native adj.当地的n.当地人quiet adj.安静的n.宁静;平静total adj.总的n.总数right adj.正确的n.正确wrong adj.错误的n.错误,坏事He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非对错。即时演练1写出下列黑体单词的词性和词义He knew the answer to the question.n.答案The hall can seat two thousand people.v.容纳Those who do wrong should b
6、e punished.n.坏事Wash and dry your hands before you eat meal.v.擦干(5)其他词类转化情况out adv.往外,向外n.托词;出路south n南方adv.向南,朝南up adv.在上面n.增长upstairs n楼上adv.在楼上Come down to us we cant hear you upstairs.下来到我们这儿来,你在楼上我们听不清楚。即时演练2完成句子The case has_been_emptied for these books.箱子已经被倒空用来装这些书。It will free_us_of a whole l
7、ot of debt.它会使我们摆脱巨额债务。She slowed_the_car and began driving up a narrow road.她放慢车速,开始驶上一条狭窄的道路。Jeremy wants some peace_and_quiet before his big match.杰里米希望在大赛来临之前能享受到些许平静和安宁。The companies have a_total_of 776 employees.这些公司总计有776名员工。Parents and children should communicate more to_narrow_the_gap betwe
8、en them so that they can understand each other better.家长们和孩子们应该多交流以缩小他们之间的代沟,以便他们能更好地了解彼此。二、词的派生1概念:由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的方法叫派生法。2常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有:dis, il, im, in, ir, mis, non, un等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的lead带领mislead引入歧途stop停下nonstop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有
9、:a(多构成表语形容词), anti(反对;抵抗), auto(自动), co(共同), en(使), inter(互相), re(再;又), sub(下面的;次;小), tele(强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的Internet互联网subway地铁telephone电话autochart自动图表enjoy使高兴reuse再使用,重复使用cooperate合作即时演练3根据汉语提示,运用所学前缀知识写出正确的单词agreedisagree (不同意)abilityinability (无能;无力)understandmisunderstand (误解;误会)profitn
10、onprofit (非营利的)socialantisocial (反社会的)dependinterdependent (相互依赖的)setreset (调整;重新设置)dangerendanger (使遭危险)3常用后缀(1)名词后缀形式意义举例age表状态、性质shortage (缺乏)ance/ence指行为、状态performance (演出,表演)dom指性质、状态freedom (自由)ee表某物的承受者employee (雇员), trainee (实习生)er/or指人的身份worker (工人), bachelor (单身汉)ess指人的身份hostess (女主人)ese表示
11、国籍Chinese (中国人)hood表身份、性质neighborhood (邻里),manhood (男子气概)ian指人的身份musician (音乐家)ion/tion表情况、状态fashion (时髦), tradition (传统)ist从事的人dentist (牙科医生)ment指行为、状态amusement (娱乐)ness表状态、性质kindness (仁慈)ship表状态、技能hardship (苦难), workmanship (工艺)即时演练4用所给词的适当形式填空The lady is one of the greatest novelists (novel) aliv
12、e.The governor (govern) was leaving a meeting with US officials when he was shot.Its difficult to tell the difference (different) between the two words.She hoped that her son would become a musician (music)The teacher was pleased with her honesty (honest)(2)形容词后缀形式意义举例al具有性质的personal (个人的),regional
13、(地区的)en有性质的golden (金色的),woolen (毛的)ful充满的helpful (有帮助的),fearful (可怕的)able/ible可的readable (可读的),accessible (可接近的)ive有作用的productive (生产的),active (积极主动的)ly像某种举止/性格/外貌般的friendly (友好的),orderly (整齐的)ous充满的dangerous (危险的),famous (著名的)some引起/产生的troublesome (令人烦恼的),tiresome (令人讨厌的)即时演练5写出下列单词的形容词形式naturenatu
14、ralfoolfoolishgoldgoldencarecarefulexciteexcited/excitingenjoyenjoyable(3)动词后缀en (使成为、变得), fy (使得、变成), is (z) e(成为、使)widewiden加宽, beautybeautify美化, realrealize意识到, organorganize组织(4)副词后缀ly (以方式), wards (向方向)directdirectly直接地, ononwards向前即时演练6完成句子He came up with a program to_beautify_the_nations_highways.他提出了一个美化国内公路的计划。The city is_widening the street.该城市正在拓宽这条街