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1、经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网 safety net按可比口径 on comparable basis按轻重缓急 to prioritize暗补 implicit subsidy暗亏 hidden lossB颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to办理存款业务 to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmersincentive to produce备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccount
2、s本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”） tax avoidance币种搭配不当 currency mismatch币种构成 currency composition变相社会集资 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising表外科目（业务） off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节 we
3、aknesses;loopholes不变成本 fixed cost不变价 at constant price;in real terms不动产 real estate不良贷款（资产） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C财务公司 finance companies财政赤字 fiscal deficit财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序
4、渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性 operational flexibility操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate产品构成 product composition;product mix产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory产销率 current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio产销衔接 marketability产业政策 industrial policy长期国债 treasury bonds敞口头寸 open po
5、sition炒股 to speculate in the stock market承购包销 underwrite（securities）成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income持续升温 persist
6、ent overheating重复布点 duplicate projects重置成本 replacement cost重组计划 restructuring plan筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels初见成效 initial success出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports出口退税 export tax rebate储蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits储
7、源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings传导机制 transmission mechanism从价税 ad valorem tax从紧控制 tight control存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio存款保险体系 deposit insurance system存款货币银行 deposit money banks存款准备金 required reservesD打白条 issue IOU大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amou
8、nts大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system呆账（请见“坏账”） bad loans呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）呆滞贷款 idle loans贷款沉淀 non-performing loans贷款分类 loan classification贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库 to act as fiscal
9、agent代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险 moral hazard地区差别 regional disparity第一产业 the primary industry第二产业 the secondary industry第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry递延资产 deferra
10、ble assets订货不足 insufficient orders定期存款 time deposits定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”） host country独立核算 independent accounting短期国债 treasury bills对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式 diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation二级市场 seconda
11、ry marketF发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institut
12、ions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted
13、 capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges;users charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering hi
14、gh interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求
15、 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint-equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）behavior规模效益 economies of sca
