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1、Why TED talks are better than the last speech you sat through 世上最好的演讲 TED 演讲吸引人的秘密 Think about the last time you heard someone give a speech or any formal presentation Maybe it was so long that you were either overwhelmed with data or you just tuned the speaker out If PowerPoint was involved each sl
2、ide was probably loaded with at least 40 words or figures and odds are that you don t remember more than a tiny bit of what they were supposed to show 回想一下你上次聆听某人发表演讲或任何正式陈述的情形 它也许太长了 以至 于你被各种数据搞得头昏脑胀 甚或干脆不理会演讲者 如果演讲者使用了 PPT 文档 那么每张幻灯片很可能塞入了至少40个单词或数字 但你现在或许只记 得一丁点内容 Pretty uninspiring huh Talk Like
3、 TED 9 Public Speaking Secrets of The World s Best Mindsexamines why in prose that s as lively and appealing as well a TED talk Timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary in March of those now legendary TED conferences the book draws on current brain science to explain what wins over and fires up a
4、n audience and what doesn t Author Carmine Gallo also studied more than 500 of the most popular TED speeches there have been about 1 500 so far and interviewed scores of the people who gave them 相当平淡 是吧 像TED 那样演讲 全球顶级人才九大演讲秘诀 Talk Like TED 9 Public Speaking Secrets of The World s Best Minds 一书以流畅的文
5、笔审视了为什么TED 演讲如此生动 如此引人入胜 出版方有意安排在今年3 月份发行此书 以庆贺如今已成为经典的TED 大会成立 30周年 这部著作借鉴 当代脑科学解释了什么样的演讲能够说服听众 鼓舞听众 什么样的演讲无法产 生这种效果 Much of what he found out is surprising Consider for instance the fact that each TED talk is limited to 18 minutes That might sound too short to convey much Yet TED curator Chris And
6、erson imposed the time limit he told Gallo because it s long enough to be serious and short enough to hold people s attention By forcing speakers who are used to going on for 45 minutes to bring it down to 18 you get them to think about what they really want to say It s also the perfect length if yo
7、u want your message to go viral Anderson says 他挖出了不少令人吃惊的演讲策略 例如 每场TED 演讲都被限制在 18分钟以 内 听起来太过短暂 似乎无法传达足够多讯息 然而 TED 大会策办人克里 斯 安德森决议推行这项时间限制规则 因为 这个时间长度足够庄重 同时又 足够短 能够吸引人们的注意力 通过迫使那些习惯于滔滔不绝讲上45分钟的 嘉宾把演讲时间压缩至 18分钟 你就可以让他们认真思考他们真正想说的话 他对加洛说 此外 安德森说 如果你希望你的讯息像病毒般扩散 这也是一个 完美的时间长度 Recent neuroscience shows
8、why the time limit works so well People listening to a presentation are storing data for retrieval in the future and too much information leads to cognitive overload which gives rise to elevated levels of anxiety meaning that if you go on and on your audience will start to resist you Even worse they
9、 won t recall a single point you were trying to make 最近的神经科学研究说明了为什么这项时间限制产生如此好的效果 聆听陈述的 人们往往会存储相关数据 以备未来检索之用 而太多的信息会导致 认知超负 荷 进而推升听众的焦虑度 它意味着 如果你说个没完没了 听众就会开始 抗拒你 更糟糕的是 他们不会记得你努力希望传递的信息点 甚至可能一个都 记不住 Albert Einstein once said If you can t explain it simply you don t understand it well enough Gallo w
10、rites adding that the physicist would have applauded astronomer David Christian who at TED in 2011 narrated the complete history of the universe and Earth s place in it in 17 minutes and 40 seconds 爱因斯坦曾经说过 要是你不能言简意赅地解释某种理论 那就说明你自己 都还没有理解透彻 加罗写道 他还举例说 物理学家或许会大加赞赏天文 学家大卫 克里斯蒂安在2011 年 TED 大会上发表的演讲 克里斯
11、蒂安在这个演 讲中完整地讲述了宇宙史及地球在宇宙的地位 整场演讲用时只有17分40秒 Gallo offers some tips on how to boil a complex presentation down to 18 minutes or so including what he calls the rule of three or condensing a plethora of ideas into three main points as many top TED talkers do He also notes that even if a speech just can
12、t be squeezed down that far the effort alone is bound to improve it Your presentation will be far more creative and impactful simply by going through the exercise 如何把一个复杂的陈述压缩至18 分钟左右 加洛就这个问题提供了一些小建 议 其中包括他所称的 三的法则 具体说就是 把大量观点高度浓缩为三大 要点 TED 大会上的许多演讲高手就是这样做的 他还指出 即使一篇演讲无 法提炼到这样的程度 单是这番努力也一定能改善演讲的效果 仅
13、仅通过这番 提炼 你就可以大大增强陈述的创造性和影响力 Then there s PowerPoint TED represents the end of PowerPoint as we know it writes Gallo He hastens to add that there s nothing wrong with PowerPoint as a tool but that most speakers unwittingly make it work against them by cluttering up their slides with way too many word
14、s 40 on average and numbers 另一个建议与 PPT 文档有关 TED大会象征着我们所知的PPT 文档正走向终 结 加洛写道 他随后又马上补充说 作为工具的PowerPoint本身并没有什 么错 但大多数演讲者为他们的幻灯片塞进了太多的单词 平均40个 和数字 让这种工具不经意间带来了消极影响 The remedy for that based on the most riveting TED talks If you must use slides fill them with a lot more images Once again research backs t
15、his up with something academics call the Picture Superiority Effect Three days after hearing or reading a set of facts most people will remember about 10 of the information Add a photo or a drawing and recall jumps to 65 最吸引人的 TED 演讲为我们提供了一个补救策略 如果你必须使用幻灯片 务 必记得要大量运用图像资源 这种做法同样有科学依据 它就是研究人员所称的 图优效应
16、Picture Superiority Effect 听到或读到一组事实三天后 大多 数人会记得大约 10 的信息 而添加一张照片或图片后 记忆率将跃升至65 One study by molecular biologist John Medina at the University of Washington School of Medicine found that not only could people recall more than 2 500 pictures with at least 90 accuracy several days later but accuracy a whole year afterward was still at about 63 华盛顿大学医学院 University of Washington School of Medicine 分子生物 学家约翰 梅迪纳主持的研究发现 几天后 人们能够回想起超过 2 500 张图片 准确率至少达到 90 一年后的准确率依然保持在63 左右 That result demolishes print
