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1、关于莎士比亚你不知道的10 件事 The relatively few facts we know about the world s greatest poet and dramatist William Shakespeare have made him an enigmatic figure Some imaginative people have even concluded that he wasn t who he was after all 我们对威廉 莎士比亚所知 甚少 以至这位世界上最伟大的诗人兼剧作家几乎成了一位神秘人物 有些颇具 想象力的人甚至得出结论 莎士比亚根本不是我
2、们所了解的那个人 But what we do know about the man and his works is intriguing enough Snap up these unconsidered trifles 不过 我们对莎士比亚及其作品的了解也足够精彩纷呈了 以下就是莎士比亚不 为人知的方面 1 Shakespeare wasn t the only Shakespeare in the theatre 莎士比亚不只是家里唯一投身剧场的人 His brother Edmund sixteen years his junior became an actor in London
3、 too though without making much of a mark His death at the age of twenty seven was followed by a funeral in St Saviour s Church Southwark which was an expensive one indicating a local relative with money Which brings us to 尽管并未成什么大气候 比他小16岁的弟弟埃德蒙也在伦敦做演员 埃德蒙27 岁就命丧黄泉 葬礼在南华克的圣救世主教堂举行 葬礼颇有排场 说明家境 还不错 由
4、此我们可以推断 2 Shakespeare was a fat cat 莎士比亚是个阔佬 From his career in the theatre which included acting play writing and being a sharer in the profits of his company Shakespeare amassed a comfortable fortune By the age of 33 he was able to buy New Place the second largest house in Stratford upon Avon Late
5、r he bought property in London as well as Stratford 莎士比亚在剧院工作 不仅负责表演 写剧本 也参与公司利润分红 因此他积 累了一笔可观的财富 到了33 岁 莎士比亚就能买得起埃文河畔斯特拉特福的 第二大宅 新宫 了 后来 他在伦敦和斯拉特福都置了产业 In his will he was able to bequeath to his second daughter Judith not even his main beneficiary the sum of three hundred pounds Converting Elizabet
6、han money isnotoriously tricky but 50 000 would about do it today 在遗嘱中 他可以留给二女儿朱迪斯300 英镑的财产 何况朱迪斯还不是最大受 益人 换算伊丽莎白时代的货币并不难 这笔钱在今天应该值5 万英镑吧 By contrast his fellow playwright Thomas Dekker was in and out of debtors prison his whole life At his death in 1632 his widow renounced administration of his est
7、ate meaning there was nothing to administer 相比之下 他的同辈剧作家托马斯 德克尔一生都为了债务而不断进出监狱 1632 年托马斯去世时 他的遗孀甚至不愿接管他的宅子 说明里面也确实没什么好 管的 3 Shakespeare was a co writer 莎士比亚是联合作家 It was common for playwrights of Shakespeare s time to collaborate Sometimes three or four writers would have a hand in a single play While
8、 Shakespeare seems to have liked working alone there are passages aplenty in the plays that were written by someone else 在莎士比亚时代 联合写剧本很常见 有时一部剧本会是三四个作家共同创作的 虽然莎士比亚貌似喜欢独自创作 但有些剧本中的有很多篇章是其他人写的 He worked with Thomas Middleton on Timon of Athens and with John Fletcher on Henry VIII As for some of the mo
9、st famous parts of Macbeth the witchy bits it s likely they were Middleton s work too bolted on to the play at a later date 他和托马斯 米德尔顿共同创作了 雅典的泰门 和约翰 弗莱彻一起写了 亨利 八世 而且 麦克白 中一些非常有名的片段 诡异的部分 很可能也出自 米德尔顿之手 是后来嫁接到戏剧中的 4 You speak Shakespeare 你讲的都是 莎士比亚词 In spite of his reputation among literature averse
10、students for flowery language Shakespeare directly created a great deal of the English we use today Not only is he recorded as the first user of more words than any other writer he also made words up we owe him eyeball bloodstained radiance assassination and lackluster to name but a few 尽管学文学的学生不喜欢其
11、中的华丽辞藻 但实际上正是莎士比亚创造了大量我 们今天使用的英语词汇 他不仅是史上用词最广泛的作家 还自创了很多词语 比如 眼球 血迹斑斑 光芒 暗杀 和 乏善可陈 等等 And his phrases are so embedded in the language chances are you ve used some of them in the last week or so if for example you ve been in a pickle seen better days or caught a cold or been a laughing stock or had t
12、o break the ice or said good riddance 莎士比亚的词语在英语中相当普遍 说不定上周你就用过 比如你 遇到麻烦 交到好运 染上流感 成了笑柄 不得不 打破坚冰 或 甩掉包袱 等等 5 Shakespeare s sonnets are not autobiographical 莎士比亚的十四行诗不是自传式 OK we don t know that for sure But what we do know is that the writing of sonnet sequences was very fashionable in his day Spense
13、r Sidney and many others turned them out Sonnets were a stylised way of demonstrating your technical skill You didn t have to be actually panting with unrequited love to write them 好吧 这点我们也不确定 但是可以肯定的是 十四行诗的序列方式在那个时代 相当盛行 斯宾塞 西德尼等人都曾用过 十四行诗在当时是展示个人技巧的流 行方法 写诗也不一定真得经历苦苦暗恋 The beautiful young man and
14、the Dark Lady of Shakespeare s sonnets may have originals at some remove More likely is that when Shakespeare wrote sonnets the essential dramatist in him kicked in creating characters and drama 莎士比亚十四行诗中的俊朗青年和 黑女郎 或许有原型 不过进行了删减 更有 可能的是 莎士比亚在创作十四行诗时发挥了剧作家的潜质 编造了其中的人物 和情节 6 Shakespeare s daughter was
15、 illiterate 莎士比亚的女儿是文盲 Of William and Anne Shakespeare s three children two daughters survived Susannah and Judith While Susannah seems to have been able to sign her name Judith could only make her mark But in this period literacy was a skill useful in certain trades and professions mainly male Shak
16、espeare was a man of his time and his time didn t value literacy in women 威廉 莎士比亚和安娜 莎士比亚共有 3 个子女 活下来的有2 个 苏珊娜和朱迪 斯 苏珊娜好像会写自己的名字 但朱迪斯却不识字 在那个时代 识字主要是 男人在从事某些贸易和行业时所掌握的技能 莎士比亚是生在那个时代的杰出人 物 但那个时代并不主张女性识字 7 Shakespeare didn t care about posterity 莎士比亚不关心作品的延续传承 At least as far as his plays went He took care to supervise the printing of his two narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece because these were prestige projects for influential patrons But it was not until seven years after
