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1、 毕业设计（论文）题目：基于C51单片机的单抛面聚光型自跟踪光伏发电所属院（系）电子信息工程学院指 导 教 师 刘 立 群 目录摘要IAbstactII第一章 前言- 1 -1.1我国的太阳能资源分布- 1 -1.2我国太阳能发电现状及前景- 3 -1.2.1中国光伏产业现状- 4 -1.2.2中国光伏发电市场容量- 4 -1.2.3国际太阳能产业政策分析- 4 -1.2.4中国的太阳能产业政策- 4 -1.3本课题研究目的及主要工作- 4 -第二章 光伏电池最佳转换率的分析研究- 6 -2.1光伏发电系统的简介- 6 -2.2光伏电池的工作原理- 7 -2.3光伏电池的物理模型- 8 -2.
2、4光伏电池输出特性参数及其影响因素- 9 -2.4.1光伏电池输出特性参数- 9 -2.4.2温度对光伏电池输出特性的影响- 10 -2.4.3光照强度对光伏电池转换效率的影响- 11 -2.5光伏阵列的构成- 12 -2.6小结- 13 -第三章 聚光器的种类及选型- 15 -3.1 聚光器的种类- 15 -3.1.1传统折射式的光能收集器- 15 -3.1.2传统反射镜式光能收集器- 15 -3.1.3非成像太阳能聚光器- 15 -3.2 聚光器的选型- 19 -第四章 自动跟踪系统方案的确定- 20 -4.1 自动跟踪原理- 20 -4.2自动跟踪系统的不同方案介绍- 21 -4.2.1
3、光敏电阻光强比较法- 22 -4.2.2 视日轨迹跟踪法- 22 -4.2.3图像处理跟踪方法- 23 -4.3 小结- 23 -第五章 系统设计- 25 -5.1系统整体构思- 25 -5.1.1系统原理- 25 -5.1.2系统硬件结构- 26 -5.2系统各部分设计- 27 -5.2.1时间跟踪的算法分析- 27 -5.2.2处理器选型- 30 -5.2.3电源电路- 32 -5.2.4时钟电路- 33 -5.2.5光强跟踪器的设计- 35 -5.2.6位置开关- 38 -5.2.7步进电机电路- 39 -5.3系统整体设计- 41 -5.3.1整体硬件电路- 41 -5.3.2系统控制
4、程序流程图- 42 -5.4 改进方案- 43 -5.4.1当前角度检测精度的改进- 43 -5.4.2增加光伏电池板温度检测- 43 -总结- 44 -参考文献- 45 -致谢- 46 -附录- 47 -附录一：- 47 -附录二：- 56 -附录三：- 58 -附录四：- 61 -基于C51单片机的单抛面聚光型自跟踪光伏发电电子信息工程学院 电气071502班 谭柏福 指导教师：刘立群摘要：太阳能作为一种可以永续使用的绿色可再生能源，有着巨大的开发应用潜力，尤其在这个煤炭石油等资源正面临着枯竭且火电对自然环境带来严重污染的时代，太阳能的利用更是得到各国的重视。但由于光伏电池的输出特性与外界
5、环境因素的变化有很大关系，目前大规模量产的光伏电池的光电转换效率仍然不高且价格昂贵。增加光伏电池板表面光照强度和光伏发电自动跟踪装置是提高太阳能利用率，降低光伏发电成本的有效途径。研究精确可靠的太阳跟踪装置，可使光伏电池板接收到更多的太阳辐射能量，增加发电量。本文实现了用廉价的光敏元件和单片机电路进行太阳跟踪的功能。本文使用单抛物面聚光的方式提高光伏电池板表面的光照强度，分析了太阳运行规律，对比了视日轨迹跟踪法以及光电跟踪法的优缺点，提出将光电跟踪作为主要跟踪方式，视日运动轨迹跟踪方式作为特殊天气情况下补充跟踪方式的方案。通过两种跟踪方式互补，一方面可以充分发挥光电跟踪准确性高的优势，另一方面
6、在阴天等天气条件下通过视日轨迹跟踪法仍能实现太阳位置大致的跟踪，保证在阴天情况下太阳能电池板仍能在该天气下实现最大的光电转换率。通过分析制系统所要实现的功能，本论文完成了跟踪系统主要的硬件和软件设计。主要内容包括:单片机电路设计、光强检测电路设计、电池板当前位置检测电路、控制执行部件设计以及光电跟踪和视日运动轨迹跟踪模块的软件设计。完成了跟踪系统的部分计算机仿真。仿真证明，系统完全能够实现对太阳的跟踪功能。最后，提出了改进方案和处理快云遮蔽问题的新方法。本文所设计的光伏发电自动跟踪系统结构简单，成本低廉，运行稳定可靠，适用地区广，可广泛应用于当前并网和离网光伏发电系统。关键字：光伏发电；单抛物
7、面聚光；单片机；光敏跟踪；视日轨迹跟踪Single Thrown Face Type Spotlighting Photovoltaic Power Generation Based On C51 MCUShool of Electronic and information engineering Electrical071502 Tan BaifuDirector：Liu LiqunAbstract ：Solar energy as the one kind of sustainable use of green can be renewable energy, and has huge p
8、otential applications, especially in the coal oil and other resources are facing exhaustion and thermal power of natural environment bring serious pollution of the era, the use of solar energy is access to world attention. But because the photovoltaic battery output characteristic and external envir
9、onment factors change has the very big relations, current production scale photoelectric conversion efficiency photovoltaic battery still not high and the price is expensive. Increase photovoltaic panels surface light intensity and photovoltaic energy automatic tracking device is to improve the sola
10、r utilization rate, reduce the effective way of photovoltaic energy costs. Research is accurate and reliable sun tracking device, can make the photovoltaic panels to receive more solar radiation energy, increase the turbine. This paper realized with cheap photosensitive components and single-chip mi
11、crocomputer circuit of the function of the sun tracking. This paper use single parabolic spotlighting way improving photovoltaic panels surface, analyzes the illumination intensity, compared the sun operation rule on trajectory tracking method, and the advantages and disadvantages of the photoelectr
12、ic tracking method, put forward the photoelectric tracking as main tracking way, depending on the way, as a special trajectory tracking weather situation. The scheme supplement tracking way Through two tracking mode, on the one hand we can give full play to complement the advantage of photoelectric
13、tracking accuracy high, on the other hand in overcast weather conditions such as by depending on the day the trajectory tracking method can still achieve the sun position roughly tracking, assurance in the cloudy cases in the solar panels can still under the maximum weather photoelectric conversion.
14、 Through the analysis of system to achieve the function, this paper mainly completed tracking system and the design of hardware and software. The main contents include: SCM circuit design, light strong detection circuit design, panels current position detection circuit, the control performs parts de
15、sign and photoelectric tracking and depending on the day of trajectory tracking module design of software. Completed the tracking system part of computer simulation. Simulation proof, the system can fully realize the tracking function to the sun. Finally, this paper puts forward the improved plan and handle quickly new method of cloud cover problems. This design of photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system simple structure, low cost, operation is stable and reliable, and wide applicability, can be widely applied in the grid and away
