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1、 HowtoWriteanAbstract I DefinitionofabstractII FunctionofabstractIII ContentsofabstractIV SuggestionsforabstractwritingV Keywordswriting contents II Whatisthefunctionofanabstract Anabstractisusedbypotentialreaders 潜在读者 todetermineitsrelevancetotheirinterestandfinallytodecidewhetherornothe sheneedsto
2、readtheentirepaper III Contentsofabstract Topicspecification主题说明Backgroundinformation背景信息Purposestatement目的陈述Methodologyanddata方法与数据Results findings研究结果Implication Conclusion结论 The3KeyElementsinanAbstract A Thestatementofpurposeaboutyourresearch B Themethodofyourresearch C Theconclusionofyourresearc
3、h STRUCTUREofAbstract ClassificationofabstractsStructureofaninformativeabstractFeaturesofanabstract Classificationofabstracts informativeabstract theprimaryresearchobjectiveorpurpose methodemployedinsolvingtheproblems principalfindingsorresults majorconclusionsandservesasasubstituteforthefullpaperde
4、scriptiveabstractoutlinesthetopicscoveredinthepaperandislikeatableofcontentsinparagraphform Structureofaninformativeabstract Background whydoyouwanttodotheresearch Researchquestion whatquestionareyoutryingtoanswerandwhatistheresearchtopicofyourpaper Method how whatmaterial whatmethod andwhatprocedur
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13、experimentwere Basedontheideathat weconductedthepresentstudy categorized andevaluated ToPRESENTresults findingsandconclusion Theresultsoftheexperimentindicate suggestthat itisalsofoundthat Theresultsareasfollows Theanalysisofthesamplesindicatesthat Thedataobtainedseemtobeverysimilarothosereportedear
14、lierby Itisconcludedthat theresultsalsoimplythefurtherstudyinto Theinvestigation experimentvariedby andtheresultsalsorevealedthat Thesefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortotheconclusionthat IV Suggestionsforabstractwriting A Inwritingyourabstract theheadingsofoutline tableofcontents introductionpa
15、rtandconclusionpartareusefulsectionsforyoutoconsult B Yourabstractmaycontainonlyoneortwoparagraphswithin200words C Whenyouintroducethepurposeofyourresearch simplepresenttenseiscommonlyused whenyoudescribethemethodsofresearchortheresults pasttenseisthebestchoice D Whenwritingabstract trytousemorepass
16、iveverbstodownplaytheauthorandemphasizetheinformation E Usingsomespecialverbsandexpressionswhenwritingyourabstractsuchasdiscuss aim attempt intend explore examine dealwith focuson whenyouintroducethepurpose indicate offer show reveal prove demonstrate contribute bringabout whenmakingconclusion F Avoidusingthefirstperson I or we butmorethirdpersonasthesubjectinanabstractsuchas theauthor theresearcher thepaper thestudy etc ExamplesTheauthortellsabout Thewriterdescribes Thispaperexplores Thepresent
