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1、英语句子概论 英语句子的种类 简单句 simplesentence 并列句 compoundsentence 复合句 complexsentence 简单句的五种基本句型 Theweatherisverycold 主语 谓语 连系动词 表语Helaughed 主语 谓语 vi IlikeChinesefood 主语 谓语 vt 宾语Shetaughtthemphysics 主语 谓语 vt 间接宾语 直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm 主语 谓语 vt 宾语 宾语补足语 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来 IturnedontheTV MysisterandIwatch
2、edit IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit Iboughtmysisterapresent Shedidn tlikeit Iboughtmysisterapresent butshedidn tlikeit 并列句 并列句 常用并列连词 平行并列连词 转折并列连词 因果并列连词 选择并列连词 and both and notonly butalso neither nor but however while yet or either or for so 复合句 主句 从句 名词性从句定语从句状语从句 主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句 NounC
3、lause 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 主语 Hisjobisimportant Whathedoesisimportant 表语 Thisishisjob Thisiswhathedoeseveryday 宾语 Idon tlikehisjob Idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday 同位语 Idon tknowabouttheman Mr White Idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher Practicetime 指出下列各名词性从句的种类 1 Atlunchtime theradiow
4、eathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon 2 Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning 3 Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar 4 Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat 5 Whenwewillstartisnotclear 6 Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend 宾语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 主语从句
5、 同位语从句 ObjectClauses宾语从句 Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 句子做宾语就是宾语从句 跟在及物动词或介词后 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 宾语从句的注意事项 句子类型 that 陈述句 一般疑问句 if whether 是否 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 一 连词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisown
6、teamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday Jimthought that thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that从句作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworkshard
7、erthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 2 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 是否 不能省略 Lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalik
8、edthehandbag Let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity Sheaskedmeif whethershecouldborrowthesebooks 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if Idon tknowwhetherornotIwillstay b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling 注意whether和if的使用区别 Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher s
9、hehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 5 Idon tknow Ishouldgo if whether whether whether whether whether if togo whether 3 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由疑问词 what who whom which whosewhen where how why等 引导 因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknowwhathesaidju
10、stnow Idon trememberwhenwearrived IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellmewho whomwehavetosee Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowheliveshere Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow 2 如果主句是过去的
11、时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere Isawshewastalkingwithhermother Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow Hesaidthathehadseenit 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 Idon tknowwha
12、tisthematter thetrouble wrongwithhim 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon t
13、know theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C 5 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howIcouldgettothestationD howIcanreachth
14、estation6 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike7 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive C B D 8 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis9 Couldyoutellmehowlong A youhaveboughtthewatchB y
15、ouhavekeptthissciencebookC haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10 Hesaysthatifit tomorrow he fishing A willrain won tgoB rained wasn tgoC rains won tgoD rain willgo B C D PredicativeClauses表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有be look remain seem 连接词 th
16、at whether asif asthough if不引导表语从句 who whom whose which whatwhen where why how because Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim That sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry That swhyIwaslate 注意 在表语从句中 表 是否 时 只能用 whether 不能用 if 一般情况下 that 不能省 Itis wasbecause Itis waswhy 3 Thereason why for is wasthat 4Thereasonisbecause why that 1 That s thePartycalledonustodo A whyB whatC howD that2 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD Whether3 Thatis theyseparated
