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1、Chapter4 DevelopingParagraphs 1 FeaturesofaParagraph AnalysisofSample1 2 FeaturesofaParagraph Task1 ReadSample2onpage94andidentifythethreefundamentalfeatures thecentralidea thesupportingevidence andhowconnectionbetweensentencesisachieved ReadSample3andfindthecentralidea Aneffectiveparagraphmusthavea
2、centralidea whichmaybeexpressedeitherexplicityinatopicsentenceorimplicitly 3 FeaturesofaParagraph Topicsentence Wenowhave asaresultofmodernmeansofcommunication hundredsofthousandsofwordsflungatusdaily Weareconstantlybeingtalkedat byteachers preachers salesmen publicofficials andmotionpicturesoundtra
3、cks Thecriesofadvertiserspursueusintoourveryhomes thankstotheradio andinsomehousestheradioisneverturnedofffrommorningtonight Dailythenewsboybringsus inlargecities fromthirtytofiftyenormouspagesofprint andalmostthreetimesthatamountonSunday Wegooutandgetmorewordsatbookstoresandlibraries Wordsfillourli
4、ves 4 FeaturesofaParagraph HasnewinformationIsspecificIsgeneralenoughtoinviteexplorationofthetopicIsstrongIsnotanannouncement Topicsentence Agoodtopicsentence a Wewenttotheshowlastnight b Wehadaterribletimeattheshowlastnight 2 a Norrisisthebrighteststudentinourbiologyclass b Norrisisenrolledinabiolo
5、gyclass 3 a Thelongestthreeweeksofmylifewerewhenourauntvisitedlastsummer b Ourauntvisitedusforthreeweekslastsummer 4 a IhadmyfirstdatewithClarencelastspring b MyfirstdatewithClarencelastspringwasadisaster 5 FeaturesofaParagraph Topicsentence Writeyourowntopicsentenceforeachofthefollowingtopics Makes
6、ureeachsentenceexpressesaparticularpointaboutthetopic Topic NightClassesTopicsentence Iprefertakingnightclassestodayclassestofitmyworkschedules 1 Topic Black andWhiteMoviesTopicsentence 2 Topic CapitalPunishmentTopicsentence 3 Topic RapMusicTopicsentence 4 Topic HorrorMoviesTopicsentence 6 Exercise
7、Supplyatopicsentenceforthefollowingparagraphs Adogwillfollowhismasteranywhere butacatkeepstothehouseitisusedto andevenwhenthehousechangeshands thecatwillremainthere solongasitiskindlytreatedbythenewowners Acatdoesnotseemtobecapableofthepersonaldevotionoftenshownbyadog Itthinksmostofitsowncomfort and
8、itsloveisonlycupboardlove Red forexample isthecoloroffire heat bloodandlife Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger Redisalsousedforsignsofdanger suchasstopsignsandfireengines Orangeisthebright warmcolorofleavesinautumn Peoplesayorangeisalivelycolor Theyass
9、ociateorangewithhappiness Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring Peoplesayitisarefreshingcolor 7 FeaturesofaParagraph Transition I vehadarealproblemwithmycarleakingoilonthedrivewaylately There sapoolofoiltwothirdsofthewayuponbothsidesofthedriveway There sapoolofoilinsidethegaragewhereIparkthecar Icleant
10、heoilup Thenextdayit sbackagain Itookthecartoagaragetohavetheoilchangedandtheleaktopped TheproblemwasmoredifficultthanI dexpected Therearmainbearingsealwasleaking buttoreplaceit theenginewouldhavetobepulled Icouldn taffordthat soIhadtowaitandsaveupsomemoney Iputthreeoilpansonthespotswherethecarleaks
11、oilwhenit sparked Ican tthinkofanyothersolutionfornow I vehadarealproblemwithmycarleakingoilonthedrivewaylately First there sapoolofoiltwothirdsofthewayuponbothsidesofthedriveway There sanotherpoolofoilinsidethegaragewhereIparkthecar AfterIcleantheoilup Thenextdayit sbackagain Finally Itookthecartoa
12、garagetohavetheoilchangedandtheleaktopped However theproblemwasmoredifficultthanI dexpected Therearmainbearingsealwasleaking buttoreplaceit theenginewouldhavetobepulled Icouldn taffordthat soIhadtowaitandsaveupsomemoney Inthemeantime Iputthreeoilpansonthespotswherethecarleaksoilwhenit sparked Ican t
13、thinkofanyothersolutionfornow 8 Exercise A inadditionB forexampleC infactD alsoE furthermoreTeachersofforeignlanguagesshouldbeextremelywell qualifiedinordertocarryouttheirdutiesproperly 1 ateachershouldpossessaminimumofagraduatedegreefromacertifiededucationschoolorinstituteifheistoteachhighschoolorb
14、elow Besidestheacademicdegree teachersshouldnotconsiderteachingonlyasanoccupationforearningmoney theyshould 2 beinterestedinteaching 3 itwasnecessarythatteachersbeknowledgeableintheirmajorfields Theyshouldbeskillfulaswell 4 thelanguageteachermustknowthetargetlanguagewellenoughtobeimitatedbyhisstuden
15、ts Proficiencyinthetargetlanguageincludesfoursskills understanding speaking reading andwriting Ateachershouldknowthelinguisticfactsofthelanguageofthestudentsinordertounderstandtheproblemstheywillhaveinlearningthetargetlanguage 5 theteachermustbefamiliarwithaudio lingualtechniques Knowingallthiswillh
16、elpthestudentstolearncorrectlyandquickly 9 StepsinWritingaParagraph Step1 thinkofthetopicorthemeormainidea andexpressitinacompletesentence topicsentence Step2 thinkofthedetailsorexamplesorfactsthatmaybeusedtosupportorexplainthemainidea Step3 workoutanoutlinetoarrangethedetailsorexamplesorfactsinlogicalorder Withtheoutline theparagraphisalmosthalf done 10 WaysofDevelopingaParagraph DevelopmentbyTimeDevelopmentbyProcessDevelopmentbySpaceDevelopmentbyExampleDevelopmentbyComparisonandConrastDevelopm
