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1、Unit 8 AdventureLesson 3 Marco Polo辅导与练习语法归纳1State or activity verbs在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，我们把它们称之为activity verb ,有些动词表示状态,我们把这类动词叫做state verb。第一类动词可用作一般现在时和现在进行时，而第二类动词多用于一般现在时，而不用于进行时态。He gets up at six every morning.他每天早晨六点钟起床。（动作）He is getting up now. 他现在正在起床。（动作）It seems that yu are right.似乎你是对的。（状态）
2、有些动词既可用作表示动作，也可用作表示状态，但在意义有区别。He has two elder brothers and a younger sister.他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。（状态）He is having his breakafast. 他在吃早饭。（动作）They are holding a meeting.他们在开会。（动作）The can holds two gallons.这个桶能装两加仑。（状态）She is holding a large box.她提着一只大箱子（动作）I still hold that his idea is wrong.我仍然认为他的观点是错的。（状态）
3、People are lying on the beach.人们躺在海滩上。The city lies on the coast. 这座城市位于海岸边。常用表示状态的动词有： mean seem concern hate dislike detest(厌恶、憎恨) surprise major（主修） cintains hold matter depend resemble（象、类似） guess suppose imagine own belong to deserve（应受、值得）admire adore（崇拜、爱慕） appear be believe belong consist de
4、sire （期望、希望）despair doubt envy exist feel fit forget have hear hope impress（留下印象） include involve（包括、使陷于） keep know lack last like love need owe（感激、把归功于） please possess9拥有） prefer prove realize recognize remember require satisfy(满足) seat see smell sound suspect （怀疑、猜想）think understand wish etc. What
5、 do you mean? 你是什么意思？This concerns everyone of us.这关系到我们每个人。We hate such people.我们讨厌这样的人。All this surprises me.这一切使我吃惊。She majors in English.她主修英语。The box contains a necklace.盒子里有一条项链。Your age doesnt matter.你的年龄没有关系。It depends on the weather.这要看天气如何。Jim resembles his sister.吉姆长得像他姐姐。I guess thats th
6、e only solution.我想这是唯一的解决办法。We own the house.这是我们的房子。This book belongs to me.这本书是我的。I dont deserve the honor.我不配得到这个荣誉。有一些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作，也可用于一般现在时。I declare this exhibition open.我宣布展览会开幕。Its a lovely place. I agree. 这是一个招人喜欢的地方。- 我同意。The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil.圣经说爱财是万恶之源。I a
7、dvise you to withdraw.我劝你退出。I promise you that I will be there.我答应你我会去。This, I admit, is my favorite activity.这个我承认是我最喜欢的活动。With this letter I enclose a photograph. 随信附上一张照片。I flatly refuse to do what you say.我断然拒绝做你说的事。I regret my ignorance on the subject.对这个问题无知我感到遗憾。有少数表示极为短暂的动作动词，可用于进行时态，表示反复做某个
8、动作或“即将”。He is jumping up and down.他上下地跳着。John is nodding his head.约翰频频点头。Why is she blinking her eyes?她为什么老眨眼睛？The train is arriving.火车即将到达。The Boeing 747 is taking off.那架波音747即将起飞。The old man is dying.老人生命垂危。动词be有时用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。Im being serious.我是说正经的。I know Im being selfish.我知道我这样做是自私的。H is being
9、 terribly friendly to us.他对我们表现得友好之极。2Relative clauses (III)Defining and non-defining clauses定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“.的人（事物）。非限制性定语从句对所修辞没有限制意义的作用，而只补充一点情况，与主句关系不紧密，把它们拿掉，主句照样成立。它们和所修饰的名词之间常加一个逗号，译成汉语时另起一个句子，仿佛是并列句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句
10、的关系代词和关系副词；介词引导词以及非限制性定语从句。具体考点如下：考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose，as）和关系副词( when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。1.当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时；当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very修饰时；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的引导词用that。例：All
11、that you want are here.你需要的全在这儿。There is no person that doesnt make mistakes. 没有人不犯错误。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过得最好一部电影。2.“the same .as”, such.as”中的as可以指人或物。例：Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.像那样的流行家具很贵。We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.我们和
12、你们一样成功地做了这个试验。3.why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和because of。其结构一般为the reason whyis that，或者the reason thatis that，如：He did not tell us the reason why he was late again.他没告诉我们他又迟到的原因。The reason why（that）he didnt come is that he was ill.他没来的原因是他病了。4.当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能
13、用that。This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing.这是开往北京的特快列车。5.当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用that。Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown.和布朗先生谈话的那个女孩是谁？6.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited。我们在谈论我们参观的国家和拜访的人。考点二：在“介词
14、+which/whom”的结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配；This is the college in which I am studying.这就是我在学习的大学。He is the man about whom we are talking.他就是我们在谈论的人。2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配；当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field等，用in which；当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如：rate, price, speed等，用at which；当先行词表示“程度”时，如：degree, exte
15、nt等，用to which；当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如：grounds, foundation, basis等，用on which；The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器的运转的速度。It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand. 能够预测价格如何影响供需是很有用的。3.当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which;否则用其他介词I have five dictionaries ，of which Longman Dictionary is the best.我有五部字典， 朗曼是最好的。I have five dictionaries ，among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.我有五部字典，朗曼是在英国出版的字典之一。注意：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；
