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1、1 Chapter2 OverviewofTransportation Oceanshipping 2 Keywordsandterms Transportationmodes运输方式Roadtransport railtransport airtransport watertransport pipelineIntermodaltransportation多式联运Intermodaltransportoperator多式联运经营人Intermodalservice联运服务Trucking卡车运输maritimetransport海洋运输 3 Introduction Transportati
2、onreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromaplaceoforigntoaplaceofconsumption Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer 4 Introduction Transportationencompassfivetypes ormodes water air road railandpipelineMaritimeshippingMaritimeFreight Cargos
3、hips ShippingService 5 TransportationModeHighlights 6 Economicalcomparedwithtrucking especiallyoverlongdistances cost effective Canberapid especiallyoverlongdistancesGoodforlargevolumeHaulsmainlycoal grain fertilizer mineral lumber autos containers Rail 7 Disadvantages Themajordisadvantagesofrailway
4、aretheinherentinflexibilityofoperation fixedtimeschedulesandmarshalling andservicefromterminaltoterminal 8 AllowsrapidmovementofgoodsovershortdistanceAllows justintime deliveriesDirect flexible cangoanywhereroadsareAdoortodoorserviceUsesexistingroadwayinfrastructureTruckingforgoodsmovement autoforpa
5、ssenger Road 9 Disadvantages Withthedevelopmentofroadtransportation newtypesofproblems suchasasignificantgrowthoffuelconsumption airpollution trafficcongestionandroadaccidentshaveemerged 10 Air Goodfor Timesensitivematerials Mail Lightweightmaterial Perishable ValuableShorttimecycleforinfrastructure
6、buildingExtremelyrapid flexibledeliveryExpensiveBeeasilyinfluencedbyheavyweather 11 Waterways Includesrivers lakes canal waterways maritimeshippingMovealargenumberofcargoesGoodforbulkfreightLowcostLowspeed 12 Freightmodalcapacities Whyarethesedifferencesimportanttous 13 Pipelinesoperateonatwenty fou
7、r hourbasis sevendaysperweek fiftytwoweeksperyear continuous intensiveinfrastructureinvestmentLowcostLowpollutionMostlyforgoodssuchaspetroleum naturalgasandcoal specificcargos Inflexible carryonecommodityfromalocationtoanother Pipelines 14 RankingModesofTransportation 14 14 15 2OceanShipping Cargoty
8、pesShipTypesOceanShippingservice 16 Generalcargoship普通货船Refrigeratorship冷藏船Containership集装箱船Lash lighteraboardship bargecarryingship载驳船Oiltanker油船Chemicaltanker化学品船Liner班轮运输Tramper不定期货船Charteronatimebasis timecharter 定期租船Charteronavoyagebasis voyagecharter 航次租船 17 Whyoceanshipping Thecontinuouslyinc
9、reasingdemandforgoodsmovementaroundtheworldTheadvantageofmaritimetransport Goodforbulkfreight Lowcost goodforlongdistancetravel Therenovationofmaritimetransport largecarryingcapacity fastermovement fewerhandsrequired 18 Cargotypes BulkcargoBulkcargoreferstofreight bothdryorliquid thatisnotpackagedsu
10、chasminerals oil coal ironore andgrains Break bulkcargoBreak bulkcargoreferstogeneralcargothathasbeenpackagedinsomewaywiththeuseofbags boxordrums 19 ShipTypes dividedbyfunctions DrycargoshipTanker GeneralcargoshipRefrigeratorshipContainershipLash lighteraboardship bargecarryingvessel OiltankerChemic
11、altankerMiscellaneoustanker ConventionalcargoshipMulti purposegeneralcargoshipSpecializeddrycargoship fullcontainershipSemi containershipRollon rolloffcontainership 20 ShipTypes dividedbycarriedcargotypes BulkcarriersBulkcarriersareshipsdesignedtocarryspecificcommodities andaredifferentiatedintoliqu
12、idbulkanddrybulkvessels GeneralcargoshipsGeneralcargoshipsarevesselsdesignedtocarrynon bulkcargoes Becauseofextremelyslowloadingandoff loading 21 ShipTypes dividedbycarriedcargotypes thesevesselshavebeenreplacedbycontainerships Rollon rolloffvesselsROROvesselsaredesignedtoallowcars trucksandtraintob
13、eloadeddirectlyonboard Thelargestarethecarcarriersthattransportvehiclesfromassemblyplantstothemainmarkets 22 Shipstypes dividedbythesizeofships Accordingtothesizeofvessels theycanbedividedintoUltraLargeCrudeCarriers ULCCs 极大型油轮ofmorethan300 000deadweighttons DWT VeryLargeCrudeCarriers VLCCs 超大型油轮fro
14、m200 000to300 000DWT Suezmax tankers苏伊士型油轮between125 000and180 000DWT Aframax tanker非洲型油轮between75 000and125 000DWT Panamax tankers巴拿马型油轮ofaround50 000DWT Handymax 便利型油轮tankersofaround35 000DWT HandySize 轻型油轮tankersof20 000 30 000DWTD W T deadweightton isreferredtothecarryingcapacityintransportation
15、 23 TypesofOceanShippingservice 1 Liner班轮运输Lineroffershippingspace ascommoncarriers onshipsoperatingalongfixedroutesonregularschedule principallyengagedincarryinggeneralcargoinrelativelysmallshipmentsandlimitedvolumes 24 2 Trampers不定期船运输Refertoshipsplayingonwaterwayswithoutpre setscheduleorfixedroutesandsailingsnormallydependontheavailabilityofcargoesentrustforcarriages 25 ServicesComparison
