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1、Unit8Education Classification UnitObjectives DefinitionofClassification FunctionofClassification FeaturesofClassification OrganizationofClassification Howtochooserightexamples Transitionalphrases Warm upActivities dictionaries literature textbooks Englishbooks Chinesebooks Japanesebooks hardbacks pa
2、perbacks Booksforteachersonly booksforstudents booksforpost graduatestudents booksforresearchers Booksbyfemalewriters booksbymalewriters Booksinthelendingsection booksinthereferenceroom booksinthestudents readingroom Toclassifyistosortthingsintocategoriesaccordingtotheirdifferentcharacteristics Inag
3、oodclassificationthepartsmustbeparallel andtheyshouldadduptothewholesubject Let strytoanalysisaparagraph DefinitionofClassification Therearethreekindsofbookowners Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbestsellers unread untouched Thisdeludedindividualownswoodpulpandink notbooks Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks
4、 afewofthemreadthrough mostofthemdippedinto butallofthemascleanandshinnyasthedaytheywerebought Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshisown butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance Thethirdhasafewbooksormany everyoneofthemdog earedanddilapidated shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse marked
5、andscribbledinfromfronttoback Thismanownsbooks Thewriteistrytobehumorous Hiswayofclassifyinghisclassmates Unscientificbutsuitedtohispurpose Classificationisthedivisionofatopicintosmallergroupsaccordingtothecommonfeaturesinordertomakeacentralpoint Itmeanssub dividingasubjectintoitstypes kinds divisio
6、ns orgroups Theessentialcharacteristicofalogicclassificationistheuseofsomedistinguishingfeaturestoseparateonesetofitemsfromanother Atypeorgroupcanhavenomeaningifitsmembersdonotsharesomecommontraitsorfeaturesnotpresentinothers Classificationenablesustoseethingsclearer toidentifythepatternbehindseemin
7、glyrandomeventsoroccurrences FeaturesofClassification AccordingtoXiaoLi thefifteenstudentsinhisclassfallintothreegroups Sevenofthemworkhardandstudywell Theyalwaysgetgoodmarksinexaminationsandareoftenpraisedbytheteachers Licallsthem goodstudents Themonitor thesecretaryoftheYouthLeaguebranch andthecap
8、tainoftheclassvolleyballteam arequickinfindingoutwhattheirfellowstudentsareinterestedinorwhattheyshoulddoasagroup Theyalwaysorganizeproperactivitiesatthepropertime soLicallsthem goodorganizers Fourotherstudentsareverykindtotheirclassmates alwaysreadytolendthemahelpinghand Theyhelptocleantheclassroom
9、andthecorridorevenwhentheyarenotonduty Lisaysthattheyare goodfellows Whataboutyourself someoneaskshim I magroupbymyself agoodobserver 1 HowdoesXiaoLiclassifyhisclassmates 2 Howdoesheorganizehiswriting 1 Establishingthewritingpurpose Mosttopicscanbeclassifiedinmanydifferentways Howtoclassifyatopicdep
10、endsonyourpurposebecauseyouclassifyinformationinordertomakeapoint Thepurposeofaclassificationessaycanbetoinformortopersuade Howtochooserightexamples 2 Selectingaprincipleofclassificationconsistentwithyourpurpose Bytheprincipleofclassification wemeanthedistinguishingfeaturesusedtodeterminemembershipi
11、nitstypes kinds orgroups Tobemeaningful aclassificationmustgroupelementsaccordingtosomeprinciples whichprovidethelogicfortheclassification 3 Creatingcategories Onceyouaregivenatopic youwillcreatecategoriesbyorganizingelementsaccordingtoacommonfeature Decidehowtoorganizeelementsofyourtopicintocategor
12、ies Withyourcategoriescreated identifycommonfeaturesofeachcategory 4 Writingathesisstatement Athesisstatementforaclassificationessayshoulddooneormoreofthefollowing 1 Statethetopicandthecategoriesofclassification2 Presentthecommonfeaturesthatarethebasisoftheclassification3 Explainwhytheclassification
13、isimportant4 Identifyrelationshipsbetweencategories Thesis controllingidea I IntroductionII MainideaA Sub ideaB Sub idea1 Supportingdetail2 SupportingdetailIII MainideaA Sub ideaB Sub idea1 Supportingdetail2 Supportingdetail3 SupportingdetailC Sub ideaIV Conclusion 西奥多 德莱塞 TheodoreDreiser 1871 1945
14、美国现代小说的先驱和代表作家被认为是同海明威 福克纳并列的美国现代小说的三大巨头 生于印第安纳州特雷霍特镇 父亲是贫苦的德国移民 他在公立学校接受了早期教育 以后进印第安纳大学学习 一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作 走遍芝加哥 匹兹堡 纽约等大城市 广泛深入地观察了解社会 为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材 出生于一个移民家庭 少年生活贫穷 常遭邻居歧视 这在他以后的作品中留下很深的烙印 酷爱读书 21岁成为一位报社记者 23岁发表了他的第一部小说 嘉莉妹妹 ThenoveldepictstheruralgirlCarriecametoChicagotofindthewell beingofciti
15、es inordertoescapepoverty sellingtheirvirginity cohabitatingwithasalesmanandahotelmanagersuccessively andthenwiththebeautifulvoicetobecomeasinger Livinginapoorandintenselyreligiousfamily Dreiserhadaveryunhappychildhood Aworldofjunglewhere killortobekilled wasthelawcanbefoundinDreiser sfictions InSis
16、terCarrieDreiserexpressedhisnaturalisticpursuitbyexpoundingthepurposelessnessoflifeandattackingtheconventionalmoralstandards SisterCarriebestembodiesDreiser snaturalisticbeliefthatwhilemenarecontrolledandconditionedbyheredity instinctandchance afewextraordinaryandunsophisticatedhumanbeingsrefusetoaccepttheirfatewordlesslyandinsteadstriveunsuccessfully tofindmeaningandpurposefortheirexistence Carrie asoneofsuch sensesthatsheismerelyacipherinanuncaringworldyetseekstograspthemysteriesoflifeandthere
