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1、翻翻译话题词汇译话题词汇 历历史文化史文化类类1 一 一 课课堂堂词汇词汇 1 历历史那些事儿史那些事儿 四大文明古国 Four Ancient Civilizations 中国 China 古巴比伦 ancient Babylon 古埃及 ancient Egypt 古印度 ancient India 悠久的历史 long time honoured history 辉煌灿烂的文化 brilliant glorious gorgeous splendid culture 传播到世界每一个角落 spread to every corner of the world spread to all
2、corners of the world 2 朝代基本信息朝代基本信息 夏 the Xia dynasty 商 the Shang dynasty 周 the Zhou dynasty 春秋 the Spring and Autumn period 战国 the Warring States period 秦 the Qin dynasty 汉 the Han dynasty 三国 the Three Kingdoms period 东西晋 the Eastern Jin dynasty the Western Jin dynasty 南北朝 the Northern and Southern
3、 dynasties 隋 the Sui dynasty 唐 the Tang dynasty 五代十国 the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 宋 the Song dynasty 元 the Yuan dynasty 明 the Ming dynasty 清 the Qing dynasty 建立 begin start in XX year be founded established in XX year 灭亡 end collapse in XX year be overthrown in XX year 统治 时间 rule China
4、 for XX years 皇帝继位登基 emperor come succeed to the throne 巩固执政地位 consolidate the ruling status position 巩固执政根基 consolidate the ruling foundation 皇位继承者 the heir to the throne 废弃旧的政治制度 abolish the old political system 扇贝内部资料 请勿外传 1 建立新的政治制度 establish the new political system 政治局面 political situation 动荡不
5、安 unrest turbulent in turmoil 平稳有序 orderly peaceful stable 最高统治者 supreme ruler sovereign 保持政局稳定 maintain the stability of political system 国库 充盈 national treasury be abundantly supplied 开创者 founder of a dynasty 战争 武力 war military force 建立政权 establish the political power 减轻税负 reduce the tax burden 恢复
6、生产 resume production 增殖人口 increase population 政治稳定 relatively stable political power 经济繁荣 highly developed economy 文化昌盛 flourishing prosperous culture 安居乐业 live and work in peace and contentment 丰衣足食 have ample food and clothing be well fed and well clothed 太平盛世 time of peace and prosperity 3 科技方面成就
7、科技方面成就 四大发明 Four Great Inventions 造纸术 papermaking 指南针 compass 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 西汉 the Western Han dynasty 东汉 the Eastern Han dynasty 书写材料 writing materials 航海 navigation 率领船队 lead the fleet of ships 七下西洋 sail to the western seas seven times 探险航行 voyage of exploration 炼金术士 Taoist alchemist 炼
8、制丹药 make pills of immortality 燃烧 combustion 爆炸 explosion 活字印刷术 movable type printing 雕版印刷术 woodblock printing 印刷效率 printing efficiency 封建社会 feudal society 科技发达 advanced science and technology 扇贝内部资料 请勿外传 2 水钟 water clock 日晷 sundial 地动仪 seismograph 古代社会的发展 the development of ancient society 世界文明的发展 t
9、he development of world civilization 加剧全球化进程 accelerate the process of globalization 人类文明的进步 the progress of human civilization 陆上丝绸之路 the Continental Silk Road 海上丝绸之路 the Maritime Silk Road 出使西域 be on a diplomatic mission to the Western Regions 茶叶 tea 瓷器 porcelain 刺绣 embroidery 药材 medicinal materia
10、ls 调料 seasoning 马匹 horse 互通有无 exchange needed goods products 贸易路线 trade route 友好往来 friendly communication 联系东西方文化 link Eastern and Western cultures 和平 友谊之路 road of peace and friendship 4 文化方面成就文化方面成就 中华传统文化 traditional Chinese culture 博大精深 extensive and profound 源远流长 long standing and well establish
11、ed 中国传统哲学思想 traditional Chinese philosophy 四大名著 the Four Great Classical Novels 中国传统文学作品 traditional Chinese literary works works of traditional Chinese literature 秦始皇 the First Emperor of Qin 焚书坑儒 the burning of books the burying of scholars 汉武帝 Emperor Wu of Han 儒家思想 Confucianism Confucian thought
12、 治理国家 run rule govern the country 孔子 Confucius 儒家文化 Confucian culture 主流文化 mainstream culture 行为准则 code of behaviour 仁 benevolence 义 righteousness 礼 principles 扇贝内部资料 请勿外传 3 智 intelligence 信 trustworthiness 尽孝道 show filial piety to parents 中庸之道 the Doctrine of the Mean 道家思想 Taoism Taoist thought 崇尚节
13、俭 advocate thrift 清净 discard all desires and worries from one s mind 无为 govern by doing nothing that goes against nature 老子 Laozi Master Lao 庄子 Zhuangzi Master Zhuang 道家哲学 Taoist philosophy 阴阳五行 Yin Yang and Five Elements 互相对立 contradictory 互相联系 interconnected 金 木 水 火 土 Metal Wood Water Fire Earth 佛
14、教 Buddhism 外来文化 alien culture 文化交流 cultural exchange 文化融合 cultural integration 佛家思想 Buddhist thought 生死轮回 repetitive cycle of birth and death 众生平等 the equality of all human beings 因果报应 the law of cause and effect 文学体裁 literary form style genre 诗歌 verse poetry 散文 prose 小说 novel fiction 戏剧 play drama
15、theatre 诗经 the Classic of Poetry the Book of Songs 先秦散文 prose writings of the pre Qin age 楚辞 the Verses of Chu the Songs of Chu 汉赋 prose poetry in the Han dynasty 唐诗 Tang poetry 宋词 Song poetry 元曲 Yuan poetry 明清小说 fictions of the Ming and Qing dynasties 水浒传 Water Margin Outlaws of the Marsh 三国演义 Roma
16、nce of the Three Kingdoms 西游记 Journey to the West 红楼梦 Dream of the Red Chamber The Story of the Stone 出版时间 publication date 作者 writer author 扇贝内部资料 请勿外传 4 写作背景 writing background 主人公 leading character protagonist 故事情节 plot storyline 出版于 be published in during 由 撰写 be written by attributed to 植根于 be rooted in have roots in 宗教信仰 religious faiths beliefs 神话传说 ancient myths and legends 基于历史事件 be based on historical events 详细讲述 give a full detailed account of 佛教高僧 Buddhist monk 重重磨难 many trials and m
