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1、 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to th
2、ose who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fac
3、t that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obes
4、ity, _8_,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .F
5、or example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with th
6、eir faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body bu
7、ild has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama laun
8、ched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】 题干中,一系列的研究已经_,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义,后面的部分实际上是研究的结论,因此concluded 符合题意,其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反,doubled(翻倍)与题意较远
9、,ensured(确保)不符合题意,因为研究不能确保后面的事 实,只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome、【答案】A protective【解析】 题干中,对于某些健康情况,超重事实上是有_。根据前文研究的结论,超重能减少罹患疾病的风险,说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反,sufficient表示充足,troublesome表示有麻烦,不符合题意,所以正确答案为A。3. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore
10、、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中,较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_,在老年人中,一定程度上超重。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词 语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系,B选项however也表示逆接,D选项therefore表示因此,只有C选项likewise意为同样 地;也,而且。因此正确答案为C。4. A indicator B objective C origin D example、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中,_,一定程度上超重,经常是健康的_。A选项,表示指示器,指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选 项origin表示来源,D
11、选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容,已经明确指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是,需要更加_是,很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康,但是又面临一个问题,到底如何去定义肥胖,因此需要更加关 注的是对肥的定义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为D。6. A in terms of B
12、 in case of C in favor of D in of、【答案】A in terms of【解析】题干中,肥胖经常_体质指数,或称为BMI来定义。A、in terms of ,根据,就而言。B、In case of 表示在某种情况下, C、in favor of 表示赞成,以来取代,D、in respect of,关于。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标,希望考生能够记住这一背景知识,方便日后做题。7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies、【答案】C equals【解析】本题题干中B
13、MI_体重除以身高的平方,这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法,也就是一个数学公式,所以equal符合题 意。A measure(测量)、B determine表示确定;D modify(修订)。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part、【答案】C in turn【解析】本题题干中,肥胖_能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级,所以
14、正确答案为C。9. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward、【答案】D straightforward【解析】题干中,相比之下,这样的数字标准看起来_,实际上不是的。A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指 的就是肥胖指数,肥胖指数分为三类,而且算法比较简单,所以A复杂不正确,B选项保守,用于描述一种数学公式,不恰当,一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般 是确定的,因此可变的也不符合题意,D选
15、项straightforward表示直截了当,符合题意,因此正确答案为D。?10. A so B unlike C since D unless【答案】B while【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,实际上身材正好,_其他人有较低的BMI指数,可能_。从前半句我们可以看出,有些人 的BMI指数很高,应该属于体重肥胖的人,事实上身材正好,这里说明的是反常的现象,后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低,而_较差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折的含义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确 答案为B。11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste、【答案】A shape【解析】本题可以简化为:Some are fit, while others may be in poo