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1、名词一 考点概述： 本考点在高考中是比较简单的题，主要考查名词的单复数，所有格，以及词性的转换如：动词变名词，形容词变名词等。考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；二 考点精讲1. 常见的不可数名词：fun 有趣 advice 建议 weather 天气progress 进步 information 信息 baggage 行李homework 作业 furniture家具 knowledge知识equipment设备 luggage行李该点主要是考改错例如：If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we
2、 cannot get from books.（2016年全国2）解析：因为knowledge是不可数名词，故knowledges改为knowledge；2. 有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的含义：papers 文件，论文 goods 货物，商品 sands 沙滩 woods 树林 times 时代 manners 礼貌lines 台词 damages赔偿金 pains努力 spirits 酒精 waters 水域 expectations前程例如：a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark w
3、aters of the Li River .(表示水域)3. 考查可数名词的单复数例如： Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).（2015年全国1）解析：根据题意，漓江的水域在许多的中国画中被艺术家所描绘。many Chinese _，many修饰可数名词，故填painti
4、ngs。注意：可数名词的变化规则：1） 单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy boys, pen pens。2） 以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass glasses,box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes。3） 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”而 以“元音字母 + y”结尾的就直接加s。如：baby babies, lady ladies, fly flies。4） 以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, hero heroes。但以两个元音字
5、母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, tobacco tobaccos。 5） 以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife wives, life lives, knife knives, wolf wolves, self selves, leaf leaves等。特例：handkerchief handkerchiefs, roof roofs, chief chiefs, gulf gulfs,
6、belief beliefs, cliff cliffs。6）不规则变化。如：man men, mouse mice, foot feet,woman women, tooth teeth, goose geese, child children。4. 名词的 所有格（1）“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有： 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，例如：todays newspaper,five minuteswalk(drive),five poundsweight, ten dollarsworth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earths pla
7、net, the words population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。（2）“of”所有格的表示方式有：表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhangs have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。5. 动词变名词的后缀法例如：Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hote
8、ls. But for tourists like me, pandas are it top_(attract).(2016年全国1)解析：本题根据词性搭配，要填名词，故填attraction1） 动词+enceexistence存在 occurrence 发生reference 参考 preference 偏好2） 动词+ance acceptance 接受 appearance 出现performance 履行tolerance 容忍enterance 进入assistance 帮助 insurance 保险 3） 动词+tionproduction 生产 introduction 介绍
9、reduction减少 prevention 阻止protection 保护 invitation 邀请communication交流 devotion致力4） 动词+sionimpression 印象 depression沮丧 expression 表达 expansion扩大decision 决定 permission允许5） 动词+mentagreement 同意 development 发展punishment 惩罚 treatment 对待 settlement 定居 achievement 成就improvement 改进 encouragement鼓励2015年2019年全国卷语
10、法专项语法填空1. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellingsadmirable is their _ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.2. The nursery team switches him every few _( day) with his sister. (2016年全国1)3. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll fee
11、l a real sense of _ (achieve).（2016年全国2）4. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. （2016年全国2）5. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.（2016年全国3）
12、6. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017年全国1)7. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed peo
13、ple to avoid terrible _(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017年全国2)8. This development was only possible with the _ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. (2017年全国2)9. She is determined to carry on with her (educate).(2017年全国3)10. She has turned down several (
14、invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. (2017年全国3)11. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause).(2018年全国1)12. This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.（2018年全国2）13. My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018年全国3)14. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in b
