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1、TheRomanticPeriod 1798 1832 WhatisRomanticism RomanticismisamovementthatemergedasareactionagainstNeoclassicism新古典主义 theageprecedingtheRomanticmovement TheNeoclassicalagewasalsocalledthe TheageofEnlightenment whichemphasizedonreasonandlogic TheRomanticperiodwantedtobreakawayfromthetraditionsandconven
2、tionsthatweredeartotheNeoclassicalageandmakewayforindividualityandexperimentation DefinitionfromWikipedia Romanticism ortheRomanticEraorthe RomanticPeriod wasanartistic literaryandintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinEurope andgainedstrengthinreactiontotheIndustrialRevo
3、lution Inpart itwasarevolt反叛 反抗againstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnorms标准 规范oftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts music andliterature buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography educationandnaturalhistory HistoricalBackground
4、 Politically theFrenchRevolution DeclarationofRightsofMan 1791 2 ThomasPaine InquiryconcerningPoliticalJustice 1793 WilliamGodwin AVindicationoftheRightsofWoman 1792 MaryWollstonecraftWorkers Movement Economically theIndustrialRevolutionContinuedfastchangestookplacebothinthecountryandinthecities Man
5、yfarmhandsdrivenoutoflandrushedintothecity Womenandchildrenwereemployedascheaplabor Newmachinesweresetup renderingmanyoutofwork Disparitywasgrowingbetweentherichandthepoor IdeologicallyTheprincipleofRationwasgivingwaytoanindividualized free liberal imaginativeattitudetowardslife atendencytoturnoresc
6、apefromthetumultuous嘈杂的动乱的andconfusingsociety CharacteristicsofRomanticism LoveofNature TheRomanticsgreatlyemphasizedontheimportanceofnature andoneofthemaincharacteristicsofRomanticisminpoetryisthebeautyofnaturefoundinthecountrylife Thiswasmainlybecausetheindustrialrevolutionhadtakenmanfromthepeacef
7、ulcountrylifetowardsthecitylife transformingman snaturalorder NaturewasnotonlyappreciatedforitsphysicalbeautybytheRomantics butalsoforitsabilitytohelptheurbanmanfindhistrueidentity Emotionsvs Rationality UnliketheNeoclassicalagewhichfocusedonrationalityandintellect Romanticismplacedhumanemotions fee
8、lings instinctandintuitionaboveeverythingelse Whilethepoetsintheformereraadheredtotherulesandregulationswhileselectingasubjectandwritingaboutit theRomanticwriterstrustedtheiremotionsandfeelingstocreatepoetry ThisbeliefcanbeconfirmedfromthedefinitionofpoetrybyWilliamWordsworth wherehesaysthat poetryi
9、sthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings TheemphasisonemotionswasalsospreadtomusiccreatedintheRomanticperiod andwasseeninthecompositionsmadebygreatmusicianslikeWeber Beethoven Schumann etc Artist theCreator AstheRomanticperiodemphasizedonemotions thepositionorroleoftheartistorthepoetalsogainedsupre
10、macy Intheearliertimes theartistwasseenasapersonwhoimitatedtheexternalworldthroughhisart However Romanticismrevertedthisbelief Thepoetorartistwasseenasacreatorofapieceofworkwhichreflectedhisindividualityandinnermind Itwasalsoforthefirsttimethatthepoemswritteninthefirstpersonwerebeingaccepted asthepo
11、eticpersonabecameonewiththevoiceofthepoet Nationalism TheRomanticsborrowedheavilyfromthefolkloreandthepopularart Duringtheearlierperiods literatureandartwereconsideredtobelongtothehighclasseducatedpeople andthecountryfolkswerenotconsideredfittoenjoythem Also thelanguageusedintheseworkswerehighlypoet
12、ic whichwastotallydifferentfromthatwhichwasspokenbypeople However Romanticismchangedallthis Theirworkswereinfluencedfromtheballadsandfolklorethatwerecreatedbythemassesorthecommonpeople ratherthanfromtheliteraryworksthatwerepopular Apartfrompoetry adoptingfromthefolkloreandballadsisalsooneoftheveryim
13、portantcharacteristicsofRomanticisminmusic AstheRomanticsbecameinterestedandfocusedondevelopingthefolklore culture language customsandtraditionsoftheirowncountry theydevelopedasenseofNationalismwhichreflectedintheirworks Also thelanguageusedinRomanticpoemsweresimplewhichwasusuallyusedineverydaylife
14、Exoticism AlongwithNationalism theRomanticsevendevelopedtheloveoftheexotic Hence inmanyoftheliteraryaswellasartisticworksofthatperiod thefaroffandmysteriouslocationsweredepicted ThoughthiswascompletelyoppositefromtheidealofNationalism theyneverclashedwitheachother Thereasonforthisisthatjustliketheex
15、oticlocations thepeopledidnotknowaboutthefolkloreoftheirplacesbefore andsotheyseemedtobeasvagueasthefarawayplaces ExoticismisalsooneofthemostprominentcharacteristicsofRomanticisminart alongwithsentimentalityandspirituality Supernatural AnothercharacteristicofRomanticismisthebeliefinthesupernatural T
16、heRomanticswereinterestedinthesupernaturalandincludeditintheirworks ThisfascinationforthemysteriousandtheunrealalsoleadtothedevelopmentoftheGothicromancewhichbecamepopularduringthisperiod SupernaturalelementscanbeseeninColeridge s KublaKhan andinKeats poem LaBelleDameSansMerci OverviewofRomanticliterature Theromanticperiodisanageofpoetry WordsworthandColeridgearethemostrepresentativewriters Theyexplorenewtheoriesandinnovatenewtechniquesinversification诗律 Theybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifyindividual
