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1、复旦名教授课程英汉翻译实践课堂讲义1. forgetful， unmindful， obliviousThese adjectives refer to inability or failure to remember. 这些形容词指不能或无法记起。Forgetful usually implies a faulty memory or a tendency not to remember: Forgetful 通常含有记忆力衰退或失去记忆的意思：As I grow older I become increasingly forgetful. Less often the word is us
2、ed as the equivalent of unmindful, which applies principally to failure to keep in mind what should be remembered, as through deliberate oversight, heedlessness, or inattentiveness: 随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越健忘了。 偶尔这些词可用来代替unmindful， 该词主要用于指有意的疏忽、心不在焉或漫不经心等，而将应该记住的事忘了：She ought not to be forgetful of her duties
3、. 她不该玩忽职守。Each passenger rushed toward the exit, unmindful of the others. 每个乘客都不顾其他人涌向出口。Oblivious refers to failure rather than inability to remember, as because one is preoccupied or because one has chosen to disregard something: Oblivious 更侧重于疏忽而不是失去记忆，如因为某人做事一心一意或有选择地疏忽一些事情：Fortunately for the a
4、uthor, he was soon oblivious of the vitriolic criticism. Sometimes the term implies lack of awareness: 幸运的是，就作者而言，他很快就忘了这些辛辣的评论。 有时这个词含有缺少意识的含义：For a person who has known them so long you are strangely oblivious to their faults. 对于一个认识他们很久的人来说，你异乎寻常地没有意识到他们的缺点。at one fling一鼓作气地; 一下子, 一举have a fling
5、at sb.讥讽某人have a fling at sth.试图做某事have ones fling放荡, 纵情行乐in full fling莽撞地; 在高潮中indulge in a fling at嘲笑挖苦 (某人)take a fling at攻击, 嘲笑;试图做(某事)take the fling不受约束;情绪不定, 忽冷忽热; 脾气变坏fling about跳来跳去; 抛散fling aside抛弃, 丢掉; 愤然离去fling away抛弃, 丢掉; 愤然离去fling into突然冲进;投入, 急速派遣fling off甩掉; 挫败; 气冲冲地突然跑开fling oneself
6、about手舞足蹈; 发怒而暴跳fling oneself out手舞足蹈; 发怒而暴跳fling oneself into毅然投身于; 奋力从事fling oneself upon毅然投身于; 奋力从事fling out用力抛出; 出言不逊fling over俚舍弃, 不再保护赞助fling up舍弃, 抛弃2. deplete， drain， exhaust， impoverish， enervateThese verbs all mean to weaken severely by removing something essential. 这些动词都意味着通过移走基本的东西使严重削弱，
7、Deplete refers to using up gradually and only hints at harmful consequences: Deplete 指逐渐用光，并且仅暗示有害的后果：I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted. 我总是在我的食物吃完之前加以补充。Drain suggests reduction by gradual drawing off and is stronger in implying harm: Drain 意指通过逐渐消耗而减少，强调危害性：War often drains a
8、 nations economy.战争经常耗尽一个国家的经济。Exhaust stresses reduction to a point of no further usefulness: Exhaust 强调减少到不再有用的地步：“The resources of civilization are not yet exhausted” (William Ewart Gladstone). “文明的源泉永远不会枯竭” （威廉姆?爱德华?哥莱德斯托恩）。Impoverish refers to severe reduction of resources or qualities essentia
9、l to adequate functioning: Impoverish 指资源和性质严重减少到最基本的程度：“His death has eclipsed the gaiety of nations, and impoverished the public stock of harmless pleasure” (Samuel Johnson). “他的死给全国的欢乐投上阴影，也使公众再也无法享受无害的欢乐” （塞缪尔?约翰逊）。Enervate refers to weakening or destruction of vitality or strength: Enervate 指活力
10、或力量上的变弱或损伤：Idleness enervates the will to succeed. 懒惰削弱了成功的决心3. extend, lengthen, elongate, stretch, prolong, protract这组动词的一般含义是“使延长”。extend和lengthen的反义词为shorten。这两个动词都可以表示时间和空间的“延长”，但是extend可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”，或范围的“扩展”。如：the extended meaning of a word (词汇的引伸意义)，to extend (or lengthen) a road (延长道路)，to e
11、xtend (or lengthen) ones stay. (延长某人的逗留)Can you extend your visit for a few days more?你能把你的访问再延长几天吗？The railway will be extended next year.明年将要延长这条铁路。, and the project has now been extended.而且此项计划现在已经扩大了。He is extending his eyes with radar;人类借助雷达来扩大自己的视野。He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit.他
12、要把上衣放长一些。elongate通常表示空间的“延长”。A piece of rubber can be elongated by streching.一块橡皮可以拉长。stretch与elongate的差异仅在于，前者不正式，后者正式，多见于科技语言。prolong通常表示时间的“延长”But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle.但是，阿尔弗雷德已经推断出，丹麦人已不再适应持久的战争了。protract 也指时间的“延长”，但多指“拖延”Three hours have pass
13、ed since the discussion was begun, and Im afraid they will protract it still longer.这个讨论会已经开了3个小时了，而且恐怕他们还会拖延下去的。extend for延续.(距离)extend from从.伸出来extend from . into .从. 延伸插到.里extend from . to .从. 延绵一直到extend out伸出extend over延续.(时间), 遍布extend through .贯穿., 达到整个.的长度extend through to(一直)延伸到extend your
14、hands伸出你的手extend ones business扩大其营业extend financial help to sb.给予某人资助extend ones congratulations向.致贺We are impressed by his capacity for handling an immense amount of work without appearing to extend himself.我们很佩服他能处理大量的工作而看来一点也不勉强。To open or straighten (something) out; unbend:伸出，拉开：张开或把（某物）拉开；伸直：ex
15、tended the legs of the folding table.打开折叠桌的桌腿To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length:延伸：伸长或扩展（某物）到较大程度或最大长度：extended the radio antenna.把收音机的天线拉到最长To exert (oneself) vigorously or to full capacity:充分发挥，尽力：精力充沛地发挥（自己的）能力或充分发挥自己的能力：Few mountain climbers have extended themselve
16、s as those two have.很少登山运动员能象那两个人那样充分发挥自己的能力To cause to move at full gallop. Used of a horse.竭尽全力：使奋力奔驰。用于指马To increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance:搀杂，增加数量：通过加上一种较便宜的物质来增加数量或体积：used rice or pasta to extend leftover casseroles.用米饭或面食来增加剩下的食物To adulterate.掺杂To enlarge the area, scope, or range of.扩大：
