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1、2011 考研英语一真题 Section I Use of English Directions Read the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health But 1 some claims to the contrary laughi
2、ng probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does 2 short term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way say walking or jogging does 6
3、 instead of straining muscles to build them as exercise does laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter 8 muscles decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of ps
4、ychological stress Anyway the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individual s emotional state 11 one classical theory of emotion our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 1
5、3 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow Although sadness also 14 tears evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses In an experiment published in 1988 social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen eith
6、er with their teeth thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips which would produce a n 17 expression Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown 19 that expressions may influence emotions rath
7、er than just the other way around 20 the physical act of laughter could improve mood 1 A among B except C despite D like 2 A reflect B demand C indicate D produce 3 A stabilizing B boosting C impairing D determining 4 A transmit B sustain C evaluate D observe 5 A measurable B manageable C affordable
8、 D renewable 6 A In turn B In fact C In addition D In brief 7 A opposite B impossible C average D expected 8 A hardens B weakens C tightens D relaxes 9 A aggravate B generate C moderate D enhance 10 A physical B mental C subconscious D internal 11 A Except for B According to C Due to D As for 12 A w
9、ith B on C in D at 13 A unless B until C if D because 14 A exhausts B follows C precedes D suppresses 15 A into B from C towards D beyond 16 A fetch B bite C pick D hold 17 A disappointed B excited C joyful D indifferent 18 A adapted B catered C turned D reacted 19 A suggesting B requiring C mention
10、ing D supposing 20 A Eventually B Consequently C Similarly D Conversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 40 points Text 1 The decision of the New York Philh
11、armonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009 For the most part the response has been favorable to say the least Hooray At last wrote Anthony Tommasini a sober sided classical music
12、 critic One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise however is that Gilbert is comparatively little known Even Tommasini who had advocated Gilbert s appointment in the Times calls him an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him As a description of t
13、he next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise For my part I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one To be sure he performs a
14、n impressive variety of interesting compositions but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall or anywhere else to hear interesting orchestral music All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes Devoted concertgoers who
15、 reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point For the time attention and money of the art loving public classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses dance troupes theater companies and museums but also with the recorded performances of the
16、great classical musicians of the 20th century There recordings are cheap available everywhere and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s live performances moreover they can be consumed at a time and place of the listener s choosing The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on recor
