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1、2020届中考语法专练之定语从句讲解及配套真题专练定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I
2、 am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you wa
3、s worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in wh
4、ichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4先行词既指人又指物时5先行词被the only, the very修饰时
5、6句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech
6、?只用which, who, whom的情况1在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by othe
7、rs.III. as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game
8、, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能
9、省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.定语从句1. The charities have helped more children with the money _ people raise. (2019.江苏淮安)A. whoB. whatC. whereD. which2.Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people. （2019福建）A. whoB. whichC. what3. The movie _ I have seen twice is
10、The Wandering Earth. (2019甘肃兰州)A. whoB. whichC. whereD. when4. Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ? (2019甘肃天水)Yes. Its the best one_ I have ever seen.A. that B. which C.what D.it5.I prefermusic_has great lyrics（2019甘肃敦煌). A.who B.whose C.that D./6. Not all children _ watch this video w
11、ill become a scientist, but some may become interested in science. (2019广东)A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose7. Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Storm with me?You mean, the new police story _was filmed by Chen Musheng? (2019广西玉林)A. who B. what C. whose D. which 8. Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common
12、plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman _used the special power of the plant to save _lives. （2019 贵州安顺） A. which, millions of B. who, millions of C. whose, million of D. who, million of9.Do you know the boy over there?The oneis holding a ball? Oh, thats my neighbor Phil. (2019 河南)A. whatB. whichC
13、.whoD.不填10. The book _ I read last night was fantastic. (2019黑龙江大庆)A. that B. what C. whose D.who 11.Haveyougotreadyforthesoccergame?Yes.Ivedoneeverything _ Icantowinthegame.A. whoB. that C.which12. Tomorrow is Fathers Day. Whats your surprise for your father? The first thing_ I will do is to make a
14、 card for him. (2019湖北黄冈) A. who B. where C. whose D. that13China is getting better at making hi-tech products _ can be bought in all parts of the world. （2019湖南长沙）AwhoBwhichCwhat14. All the classmates enjoyed the cake _I made at the party. It was really delicious(2019湖南郴州)A. that B. who C. what15.Mr.Brown is a teacher is strict with all is students. （2019吉林）A.which B.who C.where16. Sitting down after a walk is rel
