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1、 第一部分:基础知识（一）定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。（二）定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类：关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）关系副词（ when, where, why ）引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要
2、的是，它又作定语从句中作一个成分。（三）关系代词1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。 This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句The film which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our n
3、ew headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。 That is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ s, 后接一名词。 I know the boy whose parents are dead. I dont like those cities whose roads are dirty.【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who,人物都有that
4、顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；（四）关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。1，when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2，where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school whe
5、re( at which ) I studied.3，why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.Thats the real reason why (for which ) he was late.第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法（一）关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: 1，先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few等不定代词时。My mother was so proud of all that I did2，先行词有the la
6、st , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。This is the very book that Im looking for .3，先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。This is the most exciting film that Ive ever seen .When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .4，the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用tha
7、t 或as引导 , 但意义不同。This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个)5，先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday6，There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。Theres a seat in the corner that is stil
8、l free . 7，句子前面出现了who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用that引导。They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before .Who is the man that you were talking about just now ?8，关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago .Tom isnt t
9、he man that he used to be (二) 关系代词指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。1，先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。Those who are often late for school should be punished .He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man .2，先行词为someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone (everybody) 。Anyone
10、who would like to attend the party should come on time . 3，先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰 , 定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。He is the first student who / that worked out the problem .(三) 关系代词whose的用法：1， whose 在从句中作定语 ，表示“先行词的” ，既可指人，也可指物。John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist
11、 .The old man lived in the house whose window was broken .The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers .2，whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人） 。1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine . ( 划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover )2) They also invited Mr W
12、ang , whose car was stolen last Sunday . ( 划线部分可改为 the car of whom 或 of whom the car )(四) which的特殊用法：1， 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however ,
13、 is not the custom in western countries .2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry . 2，which 有时可在定语从句中作定语 , 含义上相当于指示代词this / that 。1) He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well . 2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I wont go fishing .【注】：
14、 which的这种用法与whose 作定语不同 。whose 表示“ 先行词的 ”。Theyre talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten . 3，以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时 , 可借关系代词which把介词前置。1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present .2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live . 【注
15、】 如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom 。I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England .(五) 关系代词as的用法：1. 引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .比较：He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) that every student respects him . ( 此句为such / so that引导的结果状语从句 )3) . Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam
