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1、UNIT 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsWordssolar system planet circle astronomy origin religion widely theory universe atoms billion dust solidglobe violent explode carbon vapor nitrogenproduce atmosphere appear surface unlike obvious fundamental presence dissolve harmful acids chain reaction ex
2、tremely multiplied oxygen encourage development shellfish insect amphibians reptiles huge dinosaurs exist rise mammal spread thus dioxide removepuzzle presence chemistry planet gravity evidence satellite violent shocked gentle rude biology provediscovery physicist supply decrease species extinct cli
3、mate concern disappear spaceship force escapepull lessen float weight painful frightening amazed increase exhausting structure theory situation crash Phrases:in all directions combine to settle into in time cool down fill.with as well as lay eggs remain a mystery give birth toin ones turn prevent.fr
4、om as a result of depend on no longerdie out block out crash into dozens of fall back to cheer up twice as far as fall over now that get the hang of step forward break out pay attention to watch out be make up of be fundamental to begin with in all directions according to watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防Gra
5、mmar:1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid. (随后）它变成什么没人知道，知道3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。be to do1)“将要做某事”指预先安排好的计划或约定2)表示义务、命令、禁止或可能性等，意思接近于should,must,have to3)表示将来必然要发生的事，意为“注定.”(2010全国高考)The discovery of gold in Austral
6、ia led thousands to believe that a fortune_ A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made2. The earth become so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。句法分析：本句是So.that.句型，that引导的结果状语从句中又包含一个主语从句，其中it是形式主语，whether the shape would last or not
7、 是真正的主语。violent:adj.暴力的；强暴的；猛烈的；激烈的拓展：a violent crime / behavior 暴力犯罪/行为a violent storm 暴风骤雨do violent to.对.施暴；歪曲（事实）take .by violence 抢夺with violence 强烈地，强有力地；用暴力3.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen,water vapor and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生二氧化碳、氮气、
8、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句法分析：which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapor and other gases.in time 1) 终于；迟早；最后2) 及时，来得及（用作此意是，in time后常跟for sth 或to do sth.)拓展：at no time 任何时间都不 at a time 每次，一次at one time曾经，一度 at the sane time 同时，然而at times有时，时常（=sometimes=for time to time)in no time立刻 ahead
9、of time提前all the time 一直，始终 on time按时，准时for the time being 暂时 once upon a time从前take one，time从容进行 kill time消磨时间(2013陕西高考)The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will _. A.in particular B.in turn C.in change D.in time (2012江苏高考)-Thank God youre safe! -I stepped back,just _to
10、avoid the racing car.4. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。be fundamental to 对.必不可少/至关重要 fundamental adj.基本的，基础的be similar to 与.相似be harmful to对.有害be important to 对.来说是重要的翻译：有些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。(2015安徽高考)5. What many
11、 scientist believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信；地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。be harmful to.对.有害（=do harm to）harmless adj.无害的 be harmless to 对.无害 harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to 对.有害harm n.伤害，损害 do harm
12、 to sb=do sb harm 对某人有害学法点播：有些单词其词性的变化形式和harm类似，如：carecareful（小心的）careless（粗心的）carelessness（n粗心）hopehopeful（有希望的）hopeless（没有希望的）hopelessness(n绝望）helphelpful（有帮助的）helpless（无助的）helplessness（n无可奈何）(2010浙江高考)Many lifestyle patterns do such_great harm to earth that they actually speed up_weakening of the
13、 human body.A.a;/ B./;the C.a;the D./;/6. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen ,which encourage the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。multiply v.繁殖；成倍增加；迅速增加；乘；乘以链接：add v.加；增加；添加 plus prep.加上subtract v.减；减去；扣除 minus prep.减去2+2=4 Two plus/added to two is four.4-2=2 Four minus two is two. Two subtracted from four is two.22=4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.42=2 Four divided by two is two.7. L
