《知识分类与管理(ppt 63页)(英文)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《知识分类与管理(ppt 63页)(英文)（63页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、KnowledgeOrganisation Today sprogramme Ouraimistopresentideasanddiscussconceptssothatwewillhaveacommonunderstandingoftermssuchasdata information knowledge classification knowledgemanagement etc Presentationisdividedinthreeparts 1st Basicconceptsanddefinitionofterms2nd Simpleintroductionofclassificat
2、ion3rd KnowledgeManagement Information Differentdefinitionsaregivenbydifferentpeople asseeninthehistoryofinformation InformationisaclueInformationreducesuncertaintyInformationissomethingonedidnotknowbefore Data Anotherimportanttermusedinterchangeablywithinformationbutwiththeinformationprofessionther
3、eisabasicdifference DataaresimplyfactsandfiguresgeneratedDataarenotactuallyevaluatedandhencetheydonothelpustomakedecisions Examples IFUcollectsdataaboutallthewomenparticipantsname age qualification country etc IFUcollectsdataaboutallthepaperspresentedduringthisthreemonthstitle mainsubject presenter
4、etc Thesearesimplyfacts figures Data Information Ontheotherhand whenweprocessdataitbecomesinformationInformationisprocesseddataInformationisevaluateddata Examples IfIFUwantstocompilethewomendatabycountry itisgeneratinginformationbyagegroupbysubjectofpresentationTheninformationisgeneratedinallaspects
5、 Information continued Onceinformationisgenerated IFUmaydecidefromwhichcountriestotakemoreforthenexttimeonwhichofthesubjectstoconcentratemoreforthenexttimeThereforewecanconcludethatInformationisdataofvaluefordecisionmakingData Processed Information Decision Data Information Data Onethingworthnotingh
6、ereiswhatoncehasbeeninformationcanbedataforanotherpurpose Knowledge KnowledgeisanothertermusedinterchangeablywithinformationWesimplymakedistinctionbysaying Knowledgeisinformationstoredforfutureuse storedinformation KnowledgeClassification Wecan tshareknowledge ifwedon tspeakacommonlanguage ThomasH D
7、avenport Classification InearlierdaysaccumulatedknowledgeofhumanbeingshasbeenrecordedintheformofbooksIntheinitialstages thequantityofknowledgewererelativelysmall Soaccess searchingwaseasyLittleattentionwaspaidtothearrangement organisationofknowledge WhyClassification Inlaterstages theamountofknowled
8、ge informationincreasedandarrangement organisationwasnecessaryinordertohaveeasysearchandaccess Accordinglytheideaofclassificationwasdeveloped seepage22 HistoryofInformation ClassificationDefinition ThegroupingtogetheroflikethingsaccordingtosomecommonqualityorcharacteristicsLibraryclassification arra
9、ngeitemsinalogicalorderonlibraryshelves WhyClassification Classificationisareductionofinformation knowledgeSubjectorderisthemostusefulwaytoarrangeintellectualmaterialsTothisend therearedifferentclassificationschemesdevelopedbydifferentpeople sothatmaterialscanbeaccessedbysubjectTraditionalclassifica
10、tionschemes methods 20thcentury NewInformation stechnologiesspreadtheinformationindifferentcountriesveryfastInformationcandiminishthegapbetweenculturesoremphasisethedifferenceswithinsmallsocialgroupsAlotofpeoplehaveinformationaccess othersremaintechnologicallyilliterateorignorantaboutknowledgeLibrar
11、yandinformationservicesarepartofasocialstructureofcommunicatinginformationandmustbeadaptedtotoday scontextDocumentsingeneral booksinparticularly areveryimportantforthecommunicationofknowledgeandinformation Investigationonscientificcommunicationshowsthatscientistsandresearchesprefertogettheirinformat
12、ionfromothersources likescientificjournals electronicpapersandsoon Soweneedtothinkhowtoorganizeinformationindifferentlevels inademocraticwaythatcouldbeusedasasocialresourcetosatisfyhumanneedsinallkindofcommunityProfessionalsneedtotakeattentiontoboth thetraditionalusersofinformationandthetypeofresear
13、chesthatareatthesametimeaconsumer sandpublisherofinformation HistoryofClassification Thetraditionalway organizationofknowledgeinprintdocuments mainlybooksonthelibrariesKnowledgeheremaybeunderstoodlikeastructureoffactsorideasinwhicheachelementisrelatedtotheothersBasicallytheknowledgeistransferredorta
14、ughttothenewgenerationtroughDisciplines ThereforedisciplinesusuallydeterminethewayusersapproachestoinformationInformationisusuallyintheformofprintedrecordsorinavisualwaythatwillbereadoraccessedbytheinformationusersinalibraryorinaterminalcomputer KnowledgeClassificationSchemes Wecan tshareknowledge i
15、fwedon tspeakacommonlanguage ThomasH Davenport Classicallibraryclassificationschemes TRADICTIONALCLASSIFICATIONS KnowledgeisbasedontheuniversalscientificdisciplinesstructuresThereareothertypesofclassification morephilosophicalormorepracticalschemesDecimalsystemofBibliographyClassification usethedeci
16、malnumberssymboltorepresenttheinformationthroughtenClassesofsubjectingThosesystemsareusedallovertheworld asDeweyDecimalClassification DDCandUniversalDecimalClassification UDC BriefIntroductioninUDC ThefirstpublicationofUDCwasin1905 whenPaulOtletandHenryMarieLafountaine adaptedtheDeweysystemasabasisformuchmoredetailedwhichwasschemesuitableusedinavastcardindexofbooksandperiodicalsarticlesonclassifiedorder Auniversalbibliographyofrecordsknowledge LikeDeweytheUDChasbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlan
