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1、Grammar ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时 基本用法现在完成时表结果 他的动作发生在过去 但是对现在有影响 而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在 现在完成时跨越两个时间 一个是过去 另一个是现在 Leadin e g 我从1975年起就学英语 IhavestudiedEnglishsince1975 自12世纪以来 中国就使用彩色印刷了 TheyhavedonecolorprintinginChinasincethe12thcentury PresentPerfectContinuousTense现在完成进行时 基本用法1 强调时间的持续性 如 电话响了差不多一分钟
2、为什么没人接 Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute Whydoesn tsomeoneanswerit 2 表重复 叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作 如 最近天气变化无常 我时常感冒 Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately I vebeenhavingalotofcolds 3 有感情色彩 如 今天真是一个多事之日 Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较 A 未完结性I vecleanedthewindows 我把窗户擦干净了 I vebeencleaning
3、thewindows 我擦窗户来着 可能窗户尚未擦完 B 短暂性现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表示延续至今的状态 但完成进行是常表示短暂性 A TheyhavelivedinNewYork B TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork 句A具有长期性 而句B具有短暂性 C 刚完结性与现在完成时相比 现在完成进行时有时可以表示刚刚完结的动作 有时它是现在事件的直接原因 或者是得出结论的证据 如 我的手很脏 我在油汽车来着 Myhandsaredirty I vebeenpaintingthecar 你的眼睛又红又肿 你是不是哭来着 Youreyesareredandpuffy H
4、aveyoubeencrying D 连续性或重复性现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作 如 JimhavebeenphoningJennyeverynightfortheseveralmonth Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine 结论 现在完成进行时主要用于表示A 过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作 B 过去开始 现在刚刚停止的动作 C 现在看到其直接结果的动作 现在完成时主要用于表示已经完成的动作及其与现在的关系 Inpairs taketurnstoreadthestatementandturnitintoa
5、questionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense Thewordsinbracketsmayhelpyou P41 e g S1 MrsSmithlearnedtodrivethreeyearsago howlong S2 Howlonghaveyoubeendriving MrsSmith 1 Samhasjustfinishedlearningtoflyanairplaneonasix monthcourse howlong Howlonghaveyoubeenlearningtoflyanairplane Sam 2 Heswamtillhefe
6、ltverytired Hehasjuststeppedoutoftheswimmingpool howlong Howlonghaveyoubeenswimming 3 SallyandZhouXinhavebeenbusyallday what Whathaveyoubeendoing SallyandZhouXin 4 Theyhavearguedwitheachotherforyearsaboutthebestwaytogrowpotatoes what Whathaveyoubeenarguingaboutforyears 5 JiaoYangusesaparticularkindo
7、fwashingpowderandhisclotheshavealwaysbeencleanandsoft what JiaoYang whatkindofwashingpowderhaveyoubeenusingthatmakesyourclothessocleanandsoft XP Whathaveyoubeendoing PR XP Wheredidyougoforyourholiday PR I vebeenoutofthecountryforseveralmonthsrestingbetweenfilms TotheMaldives Theyareabeautifulsetofsm
8、allislandswhereonecanswim dive observethefishandexaminethecoralreefs Ex 3 P41 XP Isee Sowhatarrangementshaveyoumadeforyournextfilms PR XP Whatisyournextfilmabout PR I veplannedoneforthisspringandanotherfortheautumn It salovestorywithJuliaRoberts sailinginaboatandsearchingfortreasure XP Thatsoundsgoo
9、d Whenandwherewillyoufilmit PR XP I msureyourfanswilllovethat Whyhaveyoubeensoprivate PR It llbefilmedinHawaiiandwe llbegininMarch I mfedupwithalltheattention Ithasalsobeendifficultformywife XP Thatisunderstood Thankyousomuchforyourtime PR Mypleasure Sonowandthenweplanalittletimeawaybyourselves Oh I
10、 vegottogonow Sorry Consolidation 1 Hi Tracy youlooktired I mtired I inthelivingroomallday A paintedB hadpaintedC havebeenpaintingD havepainted 2 Thereissomuchsnowthesedays isn tthere Yes it forafewdays A wassnowingB hasbeensnowingC hadbeensnowingD snowed 3 Althoughthesescientists ontheprojectfornea
11、rlyfouryears Idon tknowhowlongitwilllast A havebeenworkingB hadworkedC wereworkingD areworking 4 Nowthatsheisoutofjob Lucy goingbacktoschool butshehasn tdecidedyet A hadconsideredB hasbeenconsideringC consideredD isgoingtoconsider 5 Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe inthemudallmorning A has
12、playedB isplayingC hasbeenplayingD wasplaying 6 I myworkbythetimetheteacher back A wasfinished cameB shallhavefinished comesC hadfinished comesD havefinished willcome 7 I toseethefilmlastweekbecauseI ittwice A didn tgo hadseenB don tgo haveseenC hadn tgo hadseenD didn tgo haveseen 9 I llphoneyouifsh
13、e thisevening Infactshedidn ttellmeifshe A wouldcome willcomeB willcome cameC comes wouldcomeD come came 8 Whodoyouguess whereI justnow A lie layB islying layC lies lainD lied laid 10 I intothebuswhenI agirlcallmyname A hadhardlygot hearB hadhardlygot heardC wasnosoonersetting heardD didhardlyget ha
14、dheard 1 A IamsorryI keep youwaitingsolong B Itisallright I read thenewspapers 2 TheCCTV broadcast Englishprogrammerseversince1977 用现在完成时和完成进行填空 havekept havebeenreading hasbeenbroadcasting 3 You feel betterwhenyou take themedicine 4 Shesaidwe maykeep thebookaslongaswe like 5 PleasewakemeupifI still
15、 sleep whenyou come 6 Mysister learn Englishsinceshe be achild She speak Englishfluentlynow willfeel havetaken mightkeep liked am sleeping come hasbeenlearning was speaks 7 Myuncle come toseeus He arrive hereafewdaysago I start forSydneytomorrowmorning 8 He break hisglasseswhenhe play inafootballmat
16、ch hascome arrived willstart broke wasplaying 1 Learnusefulwordsandexpressionsbyheartandpracticethem 2 FinishEx 1and2onpages40 79and80 Homework 1 DavidsonBlackwasaCanadiandoctorwhohelpeddevelopthe thatledtothediscoveryofthebonesintheZhoukoudianCaves nearBeijing Hewasaspecialistinthestudyofbonesandfounditchallengingtosearchforand bonesof techniques identify LearningaboutLanguage P40 earlypeoples Ashisuniversitywas ofthesignificanceofhiswork theygivehim freetimetodothisresearch Butlatertheyfelthis
