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1、初三英语Unit1-6复习(语法部分)知识精讲【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：Unit 1-6 复习（语法部分）（一）现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）1. 动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间（过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道），但它的结果仍对现在有影响.I have read the letter， and I know what it is about.2. 动作发生在过去，目前仍在继续或刚刚结束， 常和“for” 加上“一段时间”，或“since” 加上“一个确切的过去的时间”连用。“for”用于过去的一段时间. （动词必须是可以延续的） He has be
2、en there for six months. 他去那有6个月了。（直到现在）He has never been there. 他从来都没去过那里。（直到现在）“since”用于过去的一个确切的时间，意思是“从那时一直到现在”，总是和完成时一齐用，而且不能省略。（主句动词必须是可以延续的） since +一段时间ago；since一个时间点；since从句。如： Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock. Tim has been in Nantong since January. 自从1月份以来Tim一直都在南通。（
3、现在仍在南通） 注意：“since”后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.他打小时候起就对收集硬币感兴趣。（现在还是如此）HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.现在完成时常和短语“up to now /till now”，“so far”（意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在）连用。 Up to/till now hes read many storybooks. 至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New
4、York three times so far. 至今我已去过纽约三次。3. 刚刚完成的动作. Ive just got a letter from my brother.4. “already”用于现在完成时的肯定句中，“yet”用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中。He has （already） visited manyplaces in China. （already） He has come back now. Have you ever been to Australia?注意“already”在句中的两种位置.The train hasnt arrived yet.火车（到现在）还没
5、有到。Has she arrived yet? 她已经到了吗？Hasnt he come yet? 他还没来吗？ I havent been very successful so far.我一直都没有成功。 注意：“have been”（去过） 和“have gone”（去了） 的区别:He has gone to Beijing .（He is there or is on his way there.）He has been to Shanghai . （He was there once, but he is not there now.）5. 当现在完成时句中无时间状语时，它只是指一个
6、简单的已经完成的动作。 Ive cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。（已完成了工作）6. 现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作。 He has rung me up five times today. （五次分隔的行为）7. 通常和现在完成时一起用的副词：I have just got a letter from my brother.He has already bought an American car and has gone to the U.S.A.He has been there for six months so far.Mother
7、 has never been abroad before.常和完成时连用的副词和短语：already, yet, just, ever, never, beforetoday, now, this morning, this week,these days,in the past two yearsfor three hours, for two weeks, for years, for a long timesince three oclock, since last Tuesday, since 1980, since thensince he came here, since we
8、began to learn English8. 短暂性动词通常不能和表一段的时间状语连用，应用意义与其相近的延续性动词、be形容词/副词等来代替它们。如：borrow改为keep/have; die改为bedead; leave改为beaway等，或将完成时改为一般过去时。如：错：Hehasdiedfor3years.正：Hehasbeendeadfor3years.正：Hedied3yearsago.错：Howlonghaveyouborrowedit?正：Howlonghaveyoukeptit?在例2中应注意howlong是一个不确定的一段时间。但应注意，短暂性动词的否定式表示一个状态
9、，它可以和表一段的时间状语连用。如：Ihaventseenyoufor2years.9. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系。如：Ihavelostmypen.（强调我现在没有笔）Ilostmypen.（过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔）现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用（before, just等除外），但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语，如yesterday, lastweek, threedaysago, justnow等连用。如：A：Hello, Kate! Haveyouhadsupper?B：Yes, I
10、have.A：Whendidyouhaveit?在此例中，应注意when是一个不确定的过去时间。 （二）宾语从句在复合句中，作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。连词that引导宾语从句时，应注意以下要点：1. 在连词that引导的宾语从句中，that本身无意义，不是句子的任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。She says （that） she will leave a message on the headmasters desk. 她说她将在校长的桌上放个留言条。I hope （that） youll have a good holiday.
11、希望你（们）假日愉快。 2. 后面常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree, fell等。I see （that） you come here on foot today. 我看你今天是步行来的。I hear （that） one of the pandas has a baby.我听说有只熊猫生了个小熊猫。3. 后面常接宾语从句的形容词有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。如：Im sure he would love to come to your bi
12、rthday party. 我相信他会很乐意参加你的生日聚会。We are both very happy that we are twins. 我们俩都为我们是双胞胎而感到高兴。4. 连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which）引导的宾语从句，从句语序： 连接代词主语谓语其他成分 Please tell me who / whom we have met. Do you know what they should do? The boy asked whose shirt is it? Could you tell me which teacher will tea
13、ch us next term?5. 连接副词（why, when, where, how）引导的宾语从句，从句语序： 连接副词主语谓语其他成分 She doesnt know why her friends like Chinese so much. The teacher had to find out why he is often late for school. Grandmother couldnt remember where she put her book. Lucy didnt tell her mother when she would be back. The boy
14、doesnt know when he must finish his homework.6. 宾语从句的时态：A. 主句的动词如果是现在时态，宾语从句中动词可以根据实际情况用不同的时态。 B. 主句的动词是一般过去时态，宾语从句的动词必须使用过去相应的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）一. 选择填空：1. Do you know how much hot water?A. Mum is needed B. does Mum needC. Mum needsD. did Mum need2. Can you tell me?A. where he is B. where is he C. he is whereD. what is he3. I didnt know how to London?A. would they goB. are they goingC. they would goD. they are going4. I want to know how longA. has he been backB. has he come backC. he has been backD. he has come back5. Do you know?A. what the new
