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1、高一英语学案Unit19-Unit20(B1)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1effect的用法小结：（1）常用来表示“结果”的意思。例如：Effects presuppose causes.一种结果必然会有其原因。One of the side effects of this drug is the easiness of habit-forming.这种药的副作用之一就是容易上瘾。（2）常用短语：in effect：正在实行；实际上The old system is still in effect. 旧制度仍有效。He is, in effect, my rival. 实际上他是我的竞争对
2、手。take effect：开始；实行；开始生效The medicine quickly took effect. 药很快见效了。The contract has taken effect since October 1. 本合同从十月一日起已经生效。to. effect：大意是。注意：此处的to为介词，它与effect之间经常有一个表示程度的词。例如：He called me a fool, or words to that effect. 他叫我呆子或诸如此类的话。have effect(s) on/upon sb./sth.：对某人某物有影响。have no/good/bad effec
3、t on/upon sb./sth.：对某人某物没有/有好的/坏的影响。例如：Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body.含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。The medicine had no effect on him. 这种药对他没有什么作用。（3）effect: 作为动词，它经常用作及物动词，意思是“实现”。例如：The reform was effected. 改革实现了。The new minister hopes to effect changes in the governments policy.这位新部长希望改变政
4、府的政策。The new manager effected several changes in the company.新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。2 certain的用法小结：（1）certain常用作形容词，意思是：“确实的；无疑的；可靠的，一定会的。”例如：The evidence is certain and the facts are clear. 证据确凿,事实清楚。I am certain he told me to come at two oclock. 我肯定他告诉我两点来。Theres no certain cure for this illness at pre
5、sent. 现在这种病尚无确实可靠的疗法。Im certain she saw me. 我确信她看到我了。We are certain of victory. 我们一定会获得胜利。Are you certain that youll get there in time? 你有把握及时赶到那里吗?（2）certain：指“某个人/物”。例如：a lady of a certain age：某个年龄的女士He was looking for a certain book. 他在找某本书。（3）指“有些；一些”。例如：Certain plants will not grow in this coun
6、try. 有些植物在这个国家不能生长。People who smoke cannot travel in certain parts of the train.吸烟的人不能在火车的某些地方走动。二、词义辨析1effect, consequence, result的区别：（1）这三个词作为名词在一起比较的一般含义是由某种原因所产生的结果。effect 和原因的关系是立刻性的，即马上可以看到的Jasper has put up “No Parking” signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.贾斯珀“把禁止停车”的牌子挂在
7、大门外，但这没产生什么效果。The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.把首都远迁内地的这一主张对巴西的未来将产生巨大的影响。The drug has had an immediate effect on the patient.此药对病人立刻产生了效果。（2）consequence 和原因的关系没有那么紧密，并非马上可以可见。You should be responsible for all the consequences.你应当为这一切后
8、果承担责任。Do you know what the consequences of your action will be?你知道你的行为将会产生什么后果吗？The consequence was that he caught a bad cold.结果是他得了重感冒。（3）result 虽然和原因关系密切，却不是立即可见，而是最后才能显示出的。比方某人头部受到沉重的一击，马上产生的脑震荡(此为effect)。脑震荡后他的身体渐渐垮了(即consequence)，最后不能从事正常工作了(即result)When the first radio messages have been recei
9、ved, the results of the trip will be announced immediately.当收到第一批无线电信息时，这次太空之行的结果将立即公布出去。His limp is the result of a car accident last year.他的跛足是去年一次车祸所致的结果。注：consequence 和result 都可以用复数形式，而effect 一般常用单数，有时也用复数形式表示“结果”。2Produce, product 与production的区别：（1）produce: 主要作为动词使用，意思是“出产；生产；提出；拿出”等。有时也可以作名词使用
10、，意思是“产物，产品”，多指农产品，为不可数名词。to produce wheat：出产小麦That factory produces cars. 那家工厂生产小汽车。to produce ones ticket：出示票Can you produce any proof of your nationality? 你能出示有关你国藉的任何证件吗?The whisky bottle was marked Produce of Scotland. 这瓶威士忌酒上标有苏格兰出品的字样。（2）product意义较为广泛，也是最普通的表示“产品，产物”的词，它可以用来指天然的、人造的产品，也可以用来指农产
11、品，还可以指脑力劳动的结果等。例如：Petrol is the most important product of many Middle-East countries.石油是许多中东国家最重要的产品。The company sells plastic products. 这家公司出售塑料制品。Criminals are sometimes the product of less education. 犯罪有时是缺乏教育的结果。（3）production：意思是“生产，产量”。指“生产”时侧重其行为，而指“产品”时，侧重“产量”，也可以指文学作品。例如：the production of wh
12、eat：小麦生产The production of corn has increased. 玉米的产量已增加。Production of computers has increased double in the last few weeks.近几周来电脑的产量增加了一倍。This new theatre is becoming known for its good productions.这家新剧院因上演节目的质量好而渐渐出名。This book on education is his latest production.这本论述教育的书是他的最新作品。三、重点句型:1What affect
13、s do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agricultural or nature?此句中的do you think为插入语，句子的疑问语序由do you think来体现，所以其它成分就用陈述语序。2It is on this arable land that farmers produce food for the whole population of China.此句为强调句型。句中的on this arable land为状语，是被强调的成分，值得注意的是其后的连接词只能用that，而不能用where；同样表
14、示时间的状语被强调时，也只能用that， 不用when。例如：It was on the morning of last Monday that I met Dr Johnson on the bus. 我是在上个星期一的早上在公共汽车上遇到的约翰逊博士。3Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.Not onlybut also连接的句子中，当not only置于句首时，其后的句子用倒装语序。此句中，but also后的句子为省略句。再如：Not only will we hav
15、e classes in the hall, but also the students of Class 19.不仅我们要在大厅里上课，19班的学生也会（在大厅里上课）。4The temperature is controlled with computers, no matter how the weather is outside.注意此句中的no matter how引导的是让步状语从句。be controlled with中“with”为介词意思是“用”。再如：No matter what I said, they wouldnt let me in. 无论我说什么，他们也不让我进去。The movement of the ball is controlled with a stick. 那个球的动作是用一根操作棒进行的。四、语法复习-ing形式作定语和宾语补足语：1-ing形式作定语：（1）表示被修饰的名词是分词的动作的发出者。可以放在被修饰的词前，叫做前置定语；也可以放在其后面，叫做后置定语。单个的或者仅仅带有一个副词的分词常作前置定语；而分词短语通常作后置定语。前置定语通常表示一种相对的持久性、一种特征，更象一个形容词；后置定语比较突出分词的
