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1、高一英语学案Unit17-Unit18(B1)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1bother：（1）作“打扰；烦扰”讲，bother为及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语。例如：Will it bother you if I turn the television on? 我开电视会不会吵着你?Im busy, dont bother me. 我正忙着，不要打扰我。Im sorry to bother you, but can you direct me to the railway station?劳驾,你能不能告诉我到火车站怎么走?（2）作为不及物动词bother常与about, with, to连
2、用，意思是“麻烦，烦恼，操心”。例如：Dont bother with/about it. 别为此操心。Dont bother about it. 不用麻烦了。Dont bother about answering his letter. 你不必回复他的信。（3）bother可以作名词使用，此时它是不可数名词，意思是“麻烦，不便”。例如：We had a lot of bother in repairing the press machine.修理这台印刷机费了很大劲。They had a lot of bother on the trip because they were not so f
3、amiliar with that area.路上他们遇到了很多麻烦，因为他们对那个地区不是很熟悉。We had a lot of bother finding our way.我们经过很多麻烦才找到这里。The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。（4）习惯用语：主要作表示不高兴的强调用语。例如：Bother the lot of you! 你们这些人真讨厌！Bother it! 讨厌!2由make构成的常用词组：be made from：由制成（看不见原材料）be made of：由制成（看得见原材
4、料）be made into：制成be made in：由制造（in后接制造地）be made up of：由构成、组成（=be composed of=consist of=constitute）make up：编造；和解，言归于好；化妆，打扮make up for：弥补make use of：利用make up ones mind：打定主意，决定make sense：讲得通，有意义make fun of：取笑例如：Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材制成的。This bridge is made of stone.这座桥是石头砌成的。Wood can be made
5、into many useful things, such as tables, chairs, etc.木材可以制成很多有用的东西，比如桌子、椅子等等。That beautiful car is made in China.那辆漂亮的车是在中国制造的。Our class is made up of 36 boys and 16 girls.我们班由36名男生和16名女生组成。He made up a very wonderful story for his being late.他为自己的迟到编造了一个很精彩的故事（借口）。Did he make up to you?他给你和解了吗？ You
6、 should make up for what you have lost.你应该把失去的东西弥补回来。We should make full use of our precious time.我们应该充分利用我们宝贵的时间。They have made up their minds to come tomorrow.他们已经打定主意明天来。What you said doesnt make any sense, so I cant make sense of it.你说的话毫无意义，所以，我无法理解。二、词义辨析1bear, suffer, endure, tolerate, stand这
7、组动词都有“忍受”的意思（1）bear 和 suffer 可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”，bear 侧重于表示“忍受沉重或难办的事”。例如：In the end I could not bear it. 最后，我受不了啦。When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一只香烟时，我就受不住了。（2）suffer 侧重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事”。例如：No benefactions and research endowm
8、ents can make up for the change in character which the university city has suffered.捐款和科研经费决不能弥补大学城所经受的性质上的变化。（3）endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。例如：What cant be cured must be endured.治不好的病就必须忍受。（谚语）Travelers in space have to endure many discomforts in their rockets.宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不舒适的东西（4）tolerate 和 stand
9、都表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。tolerate 的内涵是“为了和平或融洽而不反对”。例如：Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond my ken.为了农村生活的模糊的好处，人们为何甘愿忍受每天在路上花四个小时，这便超越了我的见识了。Considering his home situation, he had to tolerate his wife.考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子了。（
10、5）stand 常与 bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”。例如：He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。He stood the test of war. 他经受住了战争的考验。2but, however, while的区别：（1）but作“但是，然而”讲，是并列连词。例如：I was going to write, but I lost your address.我本来要写信的，可是把你的地址弄丢了。The journey was long but inte
11、resting. 旅途虽然长，但是很有趣。（1）however也作“然而，可是”讲，但它是副词。它的用法比but更正式，可以用在句首、句中和句尾，前后必须有逗号和其它成分隔开。例如：He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later.他还未到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。Id like to go with you; however, my hands are full.我很想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。（2）but和however含有转折的意味，而while则强调前者和后者的对比，这时while为连词。例如：While I understand what
12、 you say, I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。You like tennis, while Id rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。三、重点句型1I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.这个句子中，when引导的句子表示“就在那时，突然”的意思。不要翻译成“当的时候”。再如：I was cooking in the kitch
13、en when the telephone rang loudly. 我正在厨房做饭，突然/就在那时，电话铃声大作。2It was a time in which many sad things happened to her.此句中的a time表示一个时期，in which引导一个定语从句。要注意：something happen to somebody表示“某人出了什么事情”，此处to为介词；而我们还会看到以下句型：I happened to meet him in the street. 在这个句型中， to是不定式符号，此句意思与下一句相同：=It happened that I m
14、et him in the street.3Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US, she is also a woman who has inspired millions.此句中的“not justalso”表示“不仅而且”，再如：Einstein was not just a great scientist, he was also a music lover. 另外这个句子中的动词inspire的用法也要注意，除了本句的主动语态外，它还经常用于被动语态。例如：I was inspired
15、 to work harder than ever before.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。四、语法复习主谓一致:1由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. (指不同的人)李明和张华是好学生。Both the teachers and the students are here. (指不同的人)老师和学生都在这里。The writer and poet lives in the village. (指同一个人)这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里。Husband and wife forms a family.夫妻组成家庭。Note: 1).由 every, each, many a, no .等词修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都邀请了。No boy a
