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1、Module 1 Our body and healthy habits语法指南.Nouns used as verbs(名词用作动词)1定义:一个词由一种词类转到另一种或另几种词类而不发生词形的变化,称为转化(conversion)。英语中的转化是一个重要且有用的语法现象。本模块中出现的是由名词向动词的转化。2常见的名词转化为动词有以下几种情形:(1)身体部位:head,hand,eye,face,skin,back,nose,shoulder,finger等 We should face all kinds of difficulties bravely.我们应该勇敢地面对各种困难。Ple
2、ase hand me your ticket.请把你的票递给我。(2)身份和职务:nurse,doctor,host,guard,father,boss,mother,soldier等She nursed her husband back to health.她精心照料丈夫,直到他康复。Rio de Janeiro is to host the next Olympic Games.里约热内卢将主办下一届奥运会。The soldiers guarded the prince whenever he left the palace.每当王子离开皇宫,士兵们都要保护他。(3)自然现象:rain,
3、wind,storm等It was raining heavily then.当时正下着大雨。He stormed into the room.他怒气冲冲地闯入房间。(4)动物名称:dog,fish,snake,duck,worm等 She dogged my footsteps.她紧跟着我。The road snaked out of the valley.这条公路曲曲折折地出了山谷。He always fishes by the lake.他总是在湖边钓鱼。(5)地点与处所:house,prison,room,corner,bridge,ground等 An animal will be
4、fierce when it is cornered.当动物走投无路时,它会变得很凶猛。The organisation housed the meeting.这个组织为会议提供场所。(6)通讯设备与交通工具:bus,ship,train,wheel,radio,email等We will ship the equipment to Dalian.我们将把这些设备运到大连去。He emailed and asked me for information about the activity.他给我发电子邮件,向我询问活动的信息。(7)物品、物质:book,chair,map,seat,penc
5、il,picture,oil,dust,knife,flower,floor等 Who chaired the meeting yesterday?谁主持了昨天的会议?I have booked a room for you.我已经给你预订了一个房间。You should oil the machine from time to time so that it will perform well.你应当经常给机器上机油以便它运行良好。(8)衣物、器物:dress,coat,bag,can,bottle等 The child is too young to dress himself.孩子太小了
6、不会自己穿衣服。.Will/be going to for future actions(will和be going to表将来)1will的基本用法(1)用作助动词will可用作助动词,用来表示单纯的将来(一般将来、将来进行、将来完成等),用于第二、三人称,还可以代替shall,用于第一人称(但在疑问句中,will 用于第一人称较为少见)。Well go out at six oclock tonight.我们今晚6点钟出去。He will come back soon.他马上就会返回。(2)用于各种人称,表示倾向性或习惯性动作。Every Sunday,we will go for a l
7、ong walk.每周日,我们都会走很长的路。Hell talk for hours if you give him the chance.如果你给他机会,他能说几个小时。(3)在时间或条件状语从句中,谓语动词一般用现在时态,而不用将来时态。They will fight till they win a complete victory.他们将要战斗到完全胜利。(4)在下列两种情况下,条件从句中可以用一般将来时。表愿望。主句的谓语表示现在的情况。If he wont arrive this morning,why should we wait here?要是他今天早上到不了,我们干吗要在这儿等
8、呢?2be going to的基本用法(1)表示(事先经过考虑的)意图,即计划、安排或打算做某事。Im going to sell this old car and buy a new one.我打算卖掉这辆旧车,买辆新车。注意: go,come,leave,arrive,fly,land,take off等瞬间动词可直接用进行时代替be going to结构。Were leaving for/flying to Qingdao tomorrow.我们明天去/飞往青岛。(2)表示趋向,即已有迹象表明即将发生或不可避免的事情。George is putting on weight.Hes goi
9、ng to be quite fat.乔治正在增肥。他会很胖的。3will与be going to表将来情况时的比较(1)两者均可表示将来的时间和意图,有时可换用。It will/is going to take a long time to photocopy all the documents.复印所有这些文件要用很长时间。(2)两者有时又有区别。be going to强调某个意图是经过事先考虑的,而will所表示的意图则是说话时临时想到的。Oh,dear!Ive spilt some wine on my jacket.哦,天哪!我把一些酒洒到夹克上了。Dont worry.Ill cl
10、ean it for you.别担心,我来给你把它弄干净。(说话时刻作出的决定)Why are you putting on those old clothes?你为什么穿上那些旧衣服?Im going to paint the kitchen.我要粉刷厨房。(原来已经作出的决定)will表示说话人认为或相信将来会发生的动作,be going to表示将来发生但是现在可以看见的动作。The boat doesnt look safe.Itll sink in that heavy sea.那条船看起来不安全。它会在汹涌的海浪中沉没的。(说话时刻并没有沉没)Look at that boat!Its going to sink.看那条船!它要沉没了!(说话时刻已经开始沉没)提示:用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。- 3 -