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1、专题2 说明文型语法填空专题导读说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有： 1多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。 2采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。 分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。典例导练The air we breathe is freely
2、available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone _1_ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while _2_(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves._3_ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make
3、_4_ magnificent life.Opportunity is_5_ the same way; it is everywhere.It is_6_freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must_7_ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor oppo
4、rtunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work thats _8_(possible)Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, _9_.You must make use of it.Thats not up to the opportunity, thats up to you.It doesnt matter wh
5、at “floor” the opportunity is on, but _10_ matters is what you do with it.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【解析】1needs考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时， everyone后用第三人称单数。 2seated过去分词作伴随状语， 相当于“while they are seated”。 3Others句型：some.others. 4a表示“一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。 5inin the way是固定搭配。6so句型：so.that. 7be seized依据上下文的理解
6、， 可知句意表示“有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功”。 8impossible依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。 9however/though插入语， 意为“然而”。 10what引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。新题预测(一)Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil _1_ me, and thrust my sprou
7、ts (芽) _2_ the earths crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the _3_ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！”And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots i
8、nto the ground below, I dont know what I _4_(come) across in the dark.If I push my way throughthe hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蜗牛) tries _5_(eat) them? And _6_ I were to open my blossoms, _7_ small child may pull me from the ground.No,
9、 it is much _8_ (good) for me to wait _9_it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate _10_.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。 1beneath介词，意为“在之下”与下文的above相对。 2through介词，意为“穿过”。 3ar
10、rival在冠词后用名词。 4will come对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。 5to eat因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。 6ifif引导虚拟条件句。 7a表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。8better隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“得多”。 9until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。 10itit指代前文中的the waiting seed。(二)What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give
11、 up._1_ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick _2_ your goal.On your way to success, you _3_ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and _4_ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way._5_ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.Direction
12、 means objectives.You can get nowhere _6_ an objective in life.You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve _7_.Only in this way _8_ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time _9_(proper)And you should also have a belief _10_ you are sure to succeed as lo
13、ng as you keep your direction all the time.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。 1However与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点， 用副词however。 2tostick to意为“坚持”。 3must由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。 4helping与guiding并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。 5Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。6without句意
14、：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。 7itit指代your objective。 8will/can句意：只有这样，你才会知道 9properly修饰动词spend作状语用副词。 10that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。(三)It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying _1_ home in his mouth.Now, _2_ his way home he had to cross a plank lying _3_a running brook._4_ he crossed, he looked _5_ and saw his own shadow _6_ (refl
