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1、L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5 000 years ago in the Near East where people first learned to write But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas legends handed down from
2、 one generation of storytellers to another These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago but none could write down what they did Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands
3、 came from The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2 000 years ago But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas if they had any are forgotten So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out wher
4、e the first modern men came from Fortunately however ancient men made tools of stone especially flint because this is easier to shape than other kinds They may also have used wood and skins but these have rotted away Stone does not decay and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones
5、 of the men who made them have disappeared without trace New words and expressions recount ri kaunt v 叙述 rei kaunt 再数一次 record rek d ri kC d 第一个音节带重音 名前动后 叙述 recount emotionless 重复 describe depict a little emotional narrate temporal they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds if it
6、 were not for the protection we get from insect eating animals We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders Moreover unlike some of the other insect eaters spiders never do the least harm to us or our belong
7、ings Spiders are not insects as many people think nor even nearly related to them One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf One authority on spiders made a census of the
8、spiders in a grass field in the south of England and he estimated that there were more than 2 250 000 in one acre that is something like 6 000 000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects It is impossible to make more than the wild
9、est guess at how many they kill but they are hungry creatures not content with only three meals a day It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country T H GILLESPIE Spare
10、 that Spider from The Listener New words and expressions flocks and herds 牛群和羊群 flCk the birds of the same feather flock together 物以类聚 人以群分 you are the same flock 也可指人 herd 多指牛群 cowherd cowboy throng and crowd swarm owe vt 感激欠 i owe you i owe you a big favor 欠 issue oblige indebt appreciate 常用口语词 正式
11、 grateful thankful beast n 兽形容人野蛮无比 不能用 animal 形容 creature 可以指小孩 女人 不用于男性 Fraction 小部分 分数 小数 a fraction of rice will suffice on one s behalf 代表 利益 I beat you on your behalf 我打你是为你 好 on behalf of somebody something e g on behalf of chinese government on behalf of represent authority C WCriti n 权威 aut
12、horize 批准 authoritative 权威 性的 authoritarian 独裁的 tarian 带有这种词缀的词都是坏词 dictator 独裁者 dictatorial 独裁的 authorities 权威 可单数可复数 当局 复数 census sens s n 统计数 据 the fifth national population census censor 审查 censorious 挑剔的 挑刺的 acre eik n 英亩 acre square meters football pitch 足球场 football yard football court footba
13、ll field be content with 满足于 满足作表语 不能出现定语结构 He is content with status quo contented heart 心满意足的人 spare spZ v 不伤害 宽恕 spare me He doesn t spare himself I spare no efforts to learn english spare no efforts 不遗余力作什 么 Notes on the text why you may wonder you may wonder why 插入语 先不管插 入语 弄清句子结构 you may wonde
14、r why spiders should be our friends 插入语位置 不固定 why 以疑问句 开头 why you may wonder the problem of pollution befalls human bein gs why you may wonder one of my friends is so kindhearted destroy 程度比 damage 要重得多 片甲不留 消灭光 tear into pieces greatest enemies 天敌 dying enemy crying enemy dear enemy human race 人的种族
15、 一般不加复数 表示一个总称词 impossible 和 possible 永远不要以人开头 It is impossible for somebody to do something likely 可以以人做主语 i am likely to go probable 也不以人做主 语 they would 表示假设 devour 狼吞虎咽 devour the food make a cake of myself make a god of myself devour the book it 虚拟语气 前面是主句 下面是条件句 前面一般的加动词 devour 后面用一般过去时 If it w
16、ere not for 如果这不是因为 I would not survive if it were not for his timely help but for 一定是虚拟语气 if it were not for owe 感激 欠 i owe you 引出主题 all of them put together 把他们堆到一起 谓语动词是 kill destroyed 后置定语 重心转到 spider L 3 Mattonhorn Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport and the more difficult it is the more highly it is r egarded In the pioneering days however this was not the case at all The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the s
