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1、高一英语下学期Unit18 grammer(it用法及练习)一、it 的基本用法1. 作人称代词(1)代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。Although we can not see it, there is air all around us. ( it 指代后文的air)尽管我们看不到空气，但它却包围着我们。They said they had finished the work, but I cant believe it.(it指代前一分句)(2) 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。Yesterday we saw a big camel. It was
2、 about 3 metres high.(it指代camel) 昨天我们见到一头大骆驼。它大概有3米高。When a baby is crying, it may be hungry.(it 指代baby)当婴儿啼哭时，它可能是饿了。(3) 在某些习惯说法中it 可指代人。(前提是说话者双方都知道是somebody)A: Someone is knocking at the door? 有人在敲门吗？B: Really ? Who is it? 真的？是谁呢？C: Its me. 是我。(4) 指环境情况(天气、时间、距离、度量衡等) It is five kilometres from t
3、he office to my home. 从办公室到我家有5公里。 It often rains in summer. 夏天经常下雨。2. 构成强调结构it用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。形成“It is (was) 所强调的成分(主语、宾语、状语)that(或who, whom)其它成分。”在这个 句型中，it本身没有意义。It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. (强调地点状语)我是在上海看的这部电影。3. 作形式主语或宾语为使句子平衡，非谓语动词或从句作主语或宾语时，通常用it作形式主语或宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语置于句末。It i
4、s not easy to finish the work in two days.两天内完成这项工作并非易事。4. 用在一些固定句型或搭配中，it没有实在意义，但不可省略。Does it matter if he cant attend our party ?如果他不能参加我们的聚会，会有什么问题吗？在学习代词it 的用法时要搞好以下两个区别： 二、 it与one的区别两个词都可代表前面提到的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。 Do you still have the bicycle? 你还有自行车吗？ No, I have sold it. 没了，我已经把它卖了
5、。(it指上文的the bicycle) Is this knife yours? 这是你的吗刀？ No Its Xiao Zhangs .Mine is the one on the desk. 不是。这是小张的。我的是桌子上的那个。(one 指代knife, 但the one并不是上文的this knife)三、 it 与that的区别两词都可代替某一特定名词。但that指同一类，并非同一个。The climate of South China is mild; I like it very much. ( it 指the climate of South China)华南的气候很温和，我
6、非常喜欢。The climate of South China is better than that of Japan. 华南的气候比日本的要好。( that 指the climate,但并不是指the climate of South China)直击高考1. Theres coffee and tea: you can have . Thanks. (NMET2003)A. either B. each C. oneD. it2. It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was ma
7、de. (NMET1997 )A. that B. until C. before D. when 3. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert? (1997上海)A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself 4. _ was in 1979 _ I graduated from the university. (1998上海)A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when 5. I hate_ when people talk with their
8、 mouths full. (NMET1998 )A. it B. that C. these D. them6. _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It 7. It is the ability to do the job _matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)A. one B. that C. what D. it答案与分析1
9、. A本题考查代词的用法。A、B、C三项均可作不定代词：either指二者中任何一个；each指两者或两者以上之中的每个人或每个物；one用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词，泛指一个；D项it用作人称代词时，用来指代上文提过的某个事物。前句叙述了有咖啡和茶,根据常理，只能是二者之中选一种，故答案为A。2. A 在强调结构中，强调的时间状语。在本题中it无所指。3. A 该题是强调句式的疑问句形式，意思是“昨天晚上我在音乐会上见到的是你吗？”例如：When did you come back? 强调句式：When was it that you came beck? 即：疑问副词加上强调句的一般疑
10、问句。4. B 该题考查对英语强调句式的掌握。从in 1979我们就可以判断本句强调状语。5. A it是代词作宾语，指代“people talk with their mouths full ”这件事。6. D it是形式主语，that从句作真正主语。7. B 此题中一个非常关键的词是 “matters”，此词为动词的谓语形式，故此题不是一个简单句，该句又不是名词性从句，故A、C、D均可排除，B项可构成强调句型，对主语进行强调。 专项训练1. Is_necessary to complete the design before National Day ?A. he B. it C. tha
11、t D. this2. Is it going to snow tonight? Im afraid_.A. it B. that C. so D. this3. Does_matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. this B. that C. he D. it4. Do you have my pen, Mary?Yes, I have _right here.A. one B. it C. this D. that5. I found _impossible for _to work out the maths problem.A. it;
12、he B. that; he C. that; him D. it; him6. _is_who wants to see you.A. It; he B. That; he C. It; I D. That; him7. Where was _that you were born?A. 不填 B. its C. it D. you8. Whos knocking at the door?_me.A. Thats B. This is C. Hes D. Its9. _that you are here.A.I am so great a pleasure B.I am such great
13、pleasureC. Its so great a pleasure D. Its so great pleasure10. We consider _ a beautiful city to visit in autumn.A. that B. it C. this D. what11. In which play is _your brother appears ?A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where12. _the harder you work, the better result youll get.A. Its beli
14、eved that B. What we believe thatC. Its fact that D. What the fact is13. Whats wrong with the computer?I dont know._.A. The computer wont work B. It simply doesnt workC. That mustnt work D. It simply wont work14. You promised to write the article, so you must_.A. do writing B. do writing it C. write an article D. do it15. _is a pity that you forgot both her address and her telephone number.A. That B. This C. It D. There16. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected _ to be much better.A. that B. this C. one D. it17. Nothing can stop u
