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1、Grammar被动语态 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 注意 汉语中常用 被 给 由 受 等词来表示被动 而英语用助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成被动语态 语态 一 语态分类 Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver 主动 被动 二 被动语态的使用1 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 常用被动语态 Mr White thecupwasbroken 2 突出或强调动作的承受者 如果需要说出动作的执行者 用by短语 Theserecordsweremade
2、byJohnDenver ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul 3 由于某种原因 如为了礼貌 婉转的等 而使用被动语态 Youareexpectedtofinishitintime 三 被动语态常用的八种时态 以do为例 1 一般现在时do doesTheschooldoesn tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher am is aredone 2 一般过去时didTheyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfa
3、ctorylastmonth Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth 3 一般将来时willdoTheywillsendcarsabroadbysea Carswillbesentabroadbysea was weredone willbedone 4 过去将来时woulddoThemanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear wouldbedone 5 现
4、在进行时am is aredoingam is arebeingdoneTheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio 6 过去进行时was weredoingwas werebeingdoneTheydidn tdrivethereontimebecausetheworkersweremendingtheroad Theydidn tdrivethereontimebecausetheroadwasbeingmended 7 现在完成时has havedonehas havebe
5、endoneSomeonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff 8 过去完成时haddonehadbeendoneWhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout 9 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由 情态动词 be done 构成 情态动词 do情态动词 bedoneYoumusth
6、andinyourcompositionsafterclass Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass 10 含有双宾语的被动结构根据需要将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语 另一个保留不动 后跟双宾语动词有give buy lend hand pass leave show offer bring等 Wegavehimtheletter Hewasgiventheletterbyus Theletterwasgiventohimbyus 11 复合宾语的被动结构将宾语变为被动句的主语 而保留宾语补足语不动 此时宾补变为主补 Weelectedhimourm
7、onitor Hewaselectedourmonitor 12 不定式的被动语态 一般式 tobedone 完成式 tohavebeendoneThebookissaidtobepublishedsoon Thebookissaidtohavebeenpublished 12 现在分词的被动语态 一般式 beingdone 完成式 havingbeendoneThebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary Havingbeeninvited Mr Liwenttheretogiveaspeech 四 主动表被动的几种情况1 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词 当它们
8、和well badly easily等副词连用时 表示主语内在品质或性能 是不及物动词 用主动表示被动 这时不用被动语态 常见的有 write read clean sell wash cook等 如 Theclothwasheseasily Thenewproductsellswell Thepenwritessmoothly 2 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义 如 feel look seem taste sound remain等 Doyoulikethematerial Yes itfeelsverysoft 误 Itisfeltverysoft Thefoodtastesdel
9、icious 误 Thefoodistasteddelicious Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful 误 Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful 3 在句型 sth be adj forsb todo中Thetextishardtounderstand Theboxisheavytocarry 4 动词need require want 和beworth后加v ing的主动形式表被动意义 Mywatchdoesn twork itneedsrepairing Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime need require wa
10、ntdoing need require wanttobedoneMywatchdoesn twork itneedsrepairing itneedstoberepaired 12天津 Thelettersfortheboss onhisdeskbuthedidn treadthemuntilthreedayslater A wereputB wasputC putD hasput 12四川 Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse A isbeingrebuiltB hasbeenrebuiltC isreb
11、uiltD hasrebuilt A A 12湖南 Don tworry Thehardworkthatyoudonow laterinlife A willberepaidB wasbeingrepaidC hasbeenrepaidD wasrepaid 12陕西 CanIcallyoubackattwoo clockthisafternoon I msorry butbythenI tobeijing Howaboutfive A flyB willflyC willbeflyingD amflying A C 11陕西 Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse atp
12、resentinthedisasterarea A arebeingbuiltB werebeingbuiltC wasbeingbuiltD isbeingbuilt D 一 单项填空1 Hewillstopshowingoff ifnonotice ofhim A istakenB willbetakenC takesD hastaken2 Itissaidthatanothernewcarfactory now Yeah It oneandahalfyears A isbuilding takesB isbeingbuilt willtakeC isbuilt willtakeD isb
13、eingbuilt takes A B 3 I vefinallyfinishedmypaperandit meanentiremonth A takesB tookC wastakenD hadtaken4 Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit evenbetter A getsB GotC hasgotD isgetting5 IknowMr Brown wetoeachotherataninternationalconference A areintroducedB havebeenintroducedC wereintroducedD hadbee
14、nintroduced B D C 6 WhatdoyouthinkofthiskindofTVset which inShanghai Well Idon tcaresuchthings A wasmadeB ismadeC hasbeenmadeD hadbeenmade7 Theplane at7 00p m soIhavetobeattheairportby6 40atthelatest A hasleftB istoleaveC willhaveleftD leaves B D 8 Thetrain atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofth
15、emountainataboutnineo clocktonight A wentB isgoingC goesD willbegoing9 Thevegetablesdidn ttasteverygood They toolong A hadbeencookedB werecookedC hadcookedD cooked D A 10 IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI thecloth well A havetold washesB havebeentold washesC wastold washedD havebeentold iswashed B 1
16、1 Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetothatpartyoftheirs but A I mnotinvitedB IwasnotinvitedC IhavenotbeeninvitedD Ihadnotbeeninvited12 What sthematter Theshoesdon tfitproperly They myfeet A arehurtingB willhurtC havehurtD arehurt B A 二 翻译下列句子1 世界各地的人都讲英语 中国学生把英语作为第二外语进行学习 2 2007年6月20日 我的家乡受到一场暴风雨的袭击 损失惨重 EnglishisspokenallovertheworldanditisbeinglearnedbytheChinesestudentsasasecondlanguage OnJune20 2007 myhometownwashitbyastormwhichcausedgreatloss 3 学生会将于明天下午3 30在学校操场举行一次辩论赛 4 正在讨论的是有关如何帮助洪灾地区群众重建家园的
