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1、 1 山东省枣庄市台儿庄区2015 年高考英语单项选择及阅理选练9 阅读下列短文 从给的四个选项 A B C和 D 中 选出最佳选项 体裁 说明文话题 公民科学时间 7 分钟 Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers many of whom may have no specific scientific training perform or manage
2、research related tasks such as observation measurement or computation An example of citizen science is a project called Project BudBurst Over the past six growing seasons Project BudBurst has used thousands of volunteer observers They record when local plants develop their leaves flowers and fruit T
3、he observations go into a huge database Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time Project director Sandra Henderson says participatory science like this is an idea that is growing quickly For example people who enjoy astronomy can observe changes in the brightness of a s
4、tar People can examine satellite images of Earth to look for sites where archeologists might find the lost tomb of Genghis Khan the Mongolian warrior and ruler Or someone interested in orca whales can listen to underwater microphones and let researchers know when the whales are present Thousands of
5、Americans and Canadians volunteered to count birds this past migration season as part of Project FeederWatch Another area where citizen science has grown is in testing water Amanda Bruner coordinates SoundCitizen a project based at the University of Washington campus in Tacoma It keeps track of poll
6、utants in Puget Sound Some people including scientists still question whether average citizens can collect reliable data New digital tools can help settle questions about data quality and make it easier for people to take part in citizen science Public health research is another area where average c
7、itizens are getting involved in some cases whether researchers like it or not The idea is for the public to have a voice in how public health studies are done There is even a saying for this kind of activism No more research about us withoutus 语篇导读 本文属于科普类说明文 主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法 1 Who are the part
8、icipants involved in citizen science A Professional scientists who have retired B The public showing interest in some science projects C Citizens who have specific scientific training 2 D Students wanting to be scientists 解析细节理解题 根据文章内容可知 公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有兴趣的民 众 他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训 故B项正确 答案B 2 Accordi
9、ng to the passage if you are interested in plants you may take part in A Project BudBurst B Project FeederWatch C SoundCitizen D public health research 解析细节理解题 根据第二段中的 They record when local plants develop their leaves flowers and fruit Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes ov
10、er time 可知答案为A 答案A 3 From Paragraph 3 we can infer that A citizen science develops quickly and includes many fields B there is no need for professional scientists to do research C observation is the only method to do citizen science D citizen science has grown in testing water 解析推理判断题 根据第二段末尾句和第三段所述
11、内容可推知 citizen science发展 迅速且所涉领域很广 故A项正确 D属于明示信息 不属于推论 答案A 4 What can help get reliable data in citizen science A Specific scientific training B More participation of the public C Greater social support D New digital tools 解析细节理解题 根据倒数第二段最后一句 New digital tools can help take part in citizen science 可知
12、答案为D 答案D 长难句解读 原文Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers many of whom may have no specific scientific training perform or manage research related tasks 3 such as observation measurement or computation
13、 译文公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目 参与其中的是一些个 人志愿者或志愿者群体 他们中许多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练 而执行或者管理与 科学研究有关的一些任务 如观察 测量或计算 分析定语从句 in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers or computation 为限制性定语从句 修饰 projects or ongoing programs of scientific work 这一定语从句的主语 individual volunteers or networks of volunteers 又
14、被 many of whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和 D项中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 Believe it or not optical illusion 视错觉 can cut highway crashes Japan is a case in point It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion But stripes called chevrons 人字形 painted on the
15、 roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are and thus drivers slow down Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D C is planning to repeat Japan s success Starting next year the foundation will paint chevrons and other pattern
16、s of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes Too great speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents according to the foundation To help reduce those accidents the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed related risks are the greatest curves exit slopes traffic circles and bridges Some studies suggest that straight horizontal bars 水平杆 painted across roads can initially cut the average spe
