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1、2019高考英语3-2-1专项18阅读理解-人物故事、传记(教师版)【考点定位】 2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布人物传记主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家和影视、体育明星等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就,尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。为人类做出巨大贡献,也为自己的事业谱写精彩篇章。这些杰出人物不仅推动了社会的进步,而且他们对事业的追求、对人民的厚爱成为时代最重要的精神财富。通过阅读人物的小传记或摘录该人物一些典型事件,如人生的起伏、克服困难取得成功等,考生可以得到激励或受到启发,同时也可以了解这些人物所生活的社会文化背景。
2、故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活,给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索思想的描写,从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是表达性的文章,要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应渎懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。 (1)人物时段介绍判断题这种试题往往以What is the article mainly about? What life part of the hero is mentioned in the text? 为设问方式考查对人物时段介绍的判断。因为人物传记往往介绍杰出人物一生学习、工作和生活情况,因此
3、这种试题往往以The life of the hero.或The whole life of the hero is mentioned in our text.为答案。这种试题也可转换形式,以How old is the hero now? How old was the hero when he died? How many years did he live?为设问方式。因为人物传记往往要从人物出生介绍到现在/人物死亡,因此推算这些试题答案时,应仔细分析思考人物的起止年龄。(2)童年生活质量判断题人物传记常出现What do we know about his childhood?之类的
4、试题。杰出人物为什么有超强的毅力和惊人的吃苦精神?因为他们从小身处逆境饱尝生活艰辛,从此发奋努力,全力实现心中理想,因此这种试题答案多为:He lived a hard life.或He had an unhappy childhood.或He didn抰 live as happy as the other children.(3)人物简历正确顺序判断题人物传记的最大特点就是记叙人物一生的经历,因此人物简历正确顺序判断题是常考试题,这种试题往往从人物全部活动中挑选46个重要活动并打乱其顺序,要求学生重新排序,并选择相应正确答案。解题时应先阅读试题中所列46个重大事件,力争对事件有一定印象,然
5、后回到原文中重新阅读原文,并从事件的发生、发展、高潮及事件发生的前因后果等角度仔细排列事件发生的前后顺序。解题时切忌使用一一代入法,因为这么做看似可行,其实费时又费力,而且这么做难度加大,极易产焦虑心理,陷入恶性循环。 (5)人物成功原因判断题杰出人物的成功为社会创造了巨大的精神财富和物质财富,人们不禁会探究其成功秘诀,使之转化为新的生产力,因此人物传记阅读理解常出现人物成功原因判断题。这些试题往往以Why did the hero finally succeed?或What is the secret of the hero抯 success?或What can we learn from
6、the hero抯 success?为设问方式考查对人物成功因素的判断。其答案往往为“He/She is not easy to bow before difficulties.或He /She never gives in to all kinds of hardships. 或He/She never gives up/loses heart in face of failure.或He/She has strong perseverance.或He/She has strong self-belief等。”(6)人物性格判断题人们常所说有成就的人往往是有个性的人,可以说正是杰出人物的独特
7、个性铸就了他的成功,因此探究人物个性也成了人物传记阅读理解重要题型,不过这种试题与人物成功原因判断题有异曲同工之处,其回答也大同小异,这里不再赘述。(7)人物重要成果判断题所有人物介绍文均会介绍杰出人物重要成果,因此常出现人物重要成果判断题,这种试题常以What was the use of.?.would solve.为设问方式,解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重要成果的介绍及其主要作用和现实意义,从而准确解答试题。(8)人物困难判断题杰出人物的成功不是一帆风顺的,都会出现重大困难,因此人物介绍文常出现人物困难判断题,这种试题常以What was the biggest difficulty th
8、at.faced? .failed to continue his research work because.,解题时应认真阅读原文对人物困难的描绘,将所遇困难进行排列,并弄清其最大困难是什么,以便准确做题。(9)人物地位判断题杰出人物可能逝世多年,但人们是不会忘记他们的,人们是会公平评价他们的历史地位的,因此人物介绍文常出现人物地位判断题,这种试题常以From the passage, we can infer that.或According to the passage,.was.为设问方式,解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重大贡献及社会影响进行介绍的内容,从而准确解答试题。阅读这类文章,应特
9、别注意对任务的外貌、语言、动作、思想的描写,进而把握人节呢?首先,从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节,找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读,迅速比较选项和文中细节的区别。若是表达性的文章,要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂故事所必需的。若是幽默故事,应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作,它们是幽默的精髓。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的,所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来,来进一步解释或阐释主题,表达文章的主旨大意。1.直接事实题 在
10、解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息,采用针对性方法进行阅读,因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如:A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the
11、other on a road,which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for f
12、ive years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam,one of the highest dams in the world,is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q:Hoover Dam lies_ .A.between Arizona and Neva
13、daB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题,需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”,Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991,appeared as the guest hostess on
14、 the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old,Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.Ho
15、wever, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to
16、 work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q:Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to be