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1、Module 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions 语法课单元语法：过去分词作定语，表语及宾语补足语 (the Past Participle as the Attribute, Predicative and Object Complement )学习目标：掌握过去分词作定语，表语及宾语补足语, 能准确判断过去分词在句中所作成分，能区别现在分词与过去分词与所修饰词的主被动关系，并能在语法填空中熟练运用。重点语法解说：一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the participle ad
2、jective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示” “完成的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1. The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are
3、 both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语：单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. (=the people who were excited)激动的人们冲进大楼。Lost time can never be found again(=time which is lost) 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (2)后置定语： 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 1. Is there anything p
4、lanned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 各地高考题回放：1)Most of the artists （invite） to the party were from South Africa. 2) The first text books （write） for teac
5、hing English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 3) The Olympic games, first (play) in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912.1)invited 2)written 3) played二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。When we hear
6、d of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)； closed(关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的)； lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)； disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已
7、婚的)； known(著名的)作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。1. I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。2. He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。3. He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 各地高考题回放：1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get (pay) by the hour. 2) As we joined the big crowd I got (lo
8、se) from my friends. 3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat) as the plane was making a landing. 1) paid 2)lost 3) seated 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。基本用法: 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心
9、理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood他正努力使别人听懂自己。(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、
10、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 (4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。各地高考题回放：1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. 2) With _ (fall) leave
11、s _ (bury) in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.1).carried 2). fallen/buried 预习自测题 单句语法填空(使用正确的非谓语动词形式填空) 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside t
12、he house. 4. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5. These seats are _ (reserve) for you.6. The library is _ (close) on weekends.7. Dont drink the _ (pollute) water.8. The _ (worry) mother looked at her_ (worry) son, looking _(worry). 9. When _(ask) about his future plans, he said he
13、 hadnt made any.10. With this problem _(work) out, we can finish the work on time.11. The girl sat there with her eyes_ (fix) on the wall.12. There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _(hear).课堂检测题单句语法填空1. Is this the bike which you wish to have _ (repair)?2. Linda worked for the
14、 Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company , _ (know) as 3M.3. From the dates _ (mark) on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ (lose) in it.5. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _ (worry).6. The suggestion_ (raise) at the meeting still needs studying. 7. She was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of.8. Friendship is like money easier made than _ (keep).9.
