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1、 矩量法论文：电大导体目标宽带RCS快速计算的关键技术研究【中文摘要】在计算电磁学领域,目标宽带电磁散射特性的研究一直处于重要地位,因为该研究具有重要的实际意义,如超宽带雷达的设计、隐身与反隐身技术等都离不开目标的宽带电磁散射特性。本文以传统矩量法(MoM)为基础并结合以下几个方面的工作对电大目标宽带电磁散射特性的快速分析进行了较为深入的研究。首先介绍了MoM的基本原理以及相关的概念,并给出了MoM求解三维导体目标雷达散射截面(RCS)的具体步骤。同时介绍了目前广泛应用于目标宽带RCS计算的渐近波形估计(AWE)技术,并编程计算了几个简单目标的宽带RCS。然后介绍了Krylov子空间法,并将其
2、中几种常见的迭代方法如双共轭梯度(BiCG)法、稳定的双共轭梯度(BiCGSTAB)法、广义极小残余(GMRES)法等应用于MoM离散得到的大型矩阵方程的求解。通过不同算例的数值结果对它们的性能进行了比较。为提高迭代法的收敛效率,论文对预处理技术进行了详细的阐述,成功将内外迭代近场预处理技术与AWE技术结合,大大提高了目标宽带RCS的计算效率。接着论文首次将应用于曲线拟合的最小二乘拟合法引入到目标宽带电磁散射特性的研究中。与AWE技术相比,该方法计算过程中占用内存大大降低,同时在保证求解精度的条件下提高了计算效率,可应用于电大尺寸目标宽带RCS的计算。论文最后对并行计算进行了初步研究。在Win
3、dows操作系统下,利用数台个人计算机搭建了一个集群计算系统,以目前广泛使用于并行计算的消息传递接口(MPI)作为并行环境,首次实现了AWE技术的并行化。数值算例表明并行计算与AWE技术结合可有效降低电大目标宽带RCS的计算时间。【英文摘要】In computational electromagnetics, the study of electromagnetic scattering property for object at a frequency band continuously plays an important role. Because the research has s
4、ignificant real meaning. For example, target identification of ultra-wideband radar, stealth and anti-stealth technology, which all need the bandwidth electromagnetic scattering property of the target. For the fast analyzing of the property, in this paper, based on the traditional method of moments
5、(MoM), works of several aspects are proposed as following.Firstly, the basic principle and related concepts of the MoM are introduced. The detail solving process of the radar cross section of the three-dimensional perfect electric conductor target with the MoM is presented. The asymptotic waveform e
6、valuation (AWE) technique is also introduced, which has been applied widely to the computation of wide-band RCS for target. The wide-band RCS of several simple targets are computed with the AWE technique.Then, Krylov subspace method is introduced, and several popular iterative methods, such as BiCG,
7、 BiCGSTAB, GMRES, are used to solve the large matrix equation originated from the discretization of electric field integral equation. Their performances will be compared through the numerical results from different examples. In order to improve the convergence rate of iterative method, the precondit
8、ioning technique is elaborated. The inner-outer iterative near field preconditioning technique combined with the AWE technique improve greatly the computational efficiency of wide-band RCS for target.The least square fitting (LSF) method, which is originally used to the curve fitting, is first intro
9、duced into the study of bandwidth electromagnetic scattering property for object. Compared with the AWE technique, the LSF method needs less memory in computational process. Thus, the method can improve computational efficiency without sacrificing any accuracy and may be applied to the computation o
10、f wide-band RCS for electrically large target. Finally, the parallel computing is studied in this thesis. Under the Windows operating system, a cluster computing system is built using personal computer. The message passing interface (MPI), which has been widely utilized in parallel computing, will b
11、e used as parallel environment. The AWE technique will be paralleled first in this thesis. The numerical examples show that the AWE technique combined with the parallel computing can reduce significantly the computing time of wide-band RCS for electric large target.【关键词】矩量法 渐近波形估计 预处理技术 最小二乘拟合 消息传递接
12、口 雷达散射截面【英文关键词】method of moments asymptotic waveform evaluation technique preconditioning technique least square fitting message passing interface radar cross section【目录】电大导体目标宽带RCS快速计算的关键技术研究摘要3-4Abstract4-5目录6-9第一章 绪论9-141.1 研究背景及意义91.2 雷达散射截面的概念9-101.3 主要研究方法10-121.4 目标宽带电磁散射特性研究现状12-131.5 本文工作安排
13、13-14第二章 矩量法与渐近波形估计技术14-302.1 矩量法原理14-152.2 基函数与权函数的选取15-162.3 积分方程16-182.3.1 电场积分方程16-172.3.2 磁场积分方程17-182.3.3 混合场积分方程182.4 三维导体目标电磁散射特性的矩量法分析18-262.4.1 目标建模18-192.4.2 RWG矢量基函数19-202.4.3 矩量法求解EFIE20-242.4.4 数值算例24-262.5 渐近波形估计(AWE)技术26-292.5.1 渐近波形估计技术原理26-272.5.2 数值算例27-292.6 小结29-30第三章 预处理技术30-47
14、3.1 引言303.2 Krylov子空间方法30-313.3 常用的几种迭代法31-333.4 预处理技术33-373.4.1 超松弛(SSOR)预处理34-353.4.2 稀疏近似逆(SAI)预处理35-363.4.3 块对角预处理363.4.4 不完全LU分解预处理36-373.5 ILUT结合AWE技术快速计算目标宽带RCS37-423.5.1 AWE技术与预处理技术的结合37-393.5.2 数值算例39-423.6 内外迭代近场预处理42-463.6.1 FBiCGSTAB42-433.6.2 内外迭代近场预处理技术43-443.6.3 数值算例及分析44-463.7 结束语46-47第四章 基于最小二乘拟合的目标宽带RCS快速计算47-534.1 引言47-484.2 最小二乘拟合法48-494.3 数值算例49-524.4 小结52-53第五章 目标宽带电磁散射特性的并行研究53-635.1 并行计算基础53-555.1.1 硬件平台53-545.1.2 软件环境545.1.3 并行性能的评价54-555.2 AWE技术的并行分析55-585.2.1 阻抗矩阵及其各阶导数矩阵填充的并行化55-575.2.2 泰勒级数展开系数向量m计算的并行化57-585.3 AWE技术计算宽带RCS的并行实施58-605.4 数值算例及分析60-625.5 小结6
