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1、TheRepresentativesofAmericanEnlightenment BenjaminFranklin 1706 1790 Ifyouwouldnotbeforgotten assoonasyouaredead rotten eitherwritethingsworthreading ordothingsworthwriting B Franklin oneoftheFoundingFathersofAmericaoneofAmerica sgreatestcitizens HeappearsontheAmerican100dollarbill Lifeandworks p 18
2、 printer editor inventor scientist openedhisownprintshopfor20years lightningrod Franklinstove bifocalglasses madeexperimentwithakite provingthatlightningwaselectricity publishedthePennsylvaniaGazette newspaper HewastheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates TheDeclarationofIndep
3、endence TheTreatyofAlliancewithFrance TheTreatyofPeacewithEngland TheConstitution foundedthefirstpubliclibrary organizedthefirstfiredepartmentandthefirstpaidpoliceforce foundedaschoolandahospital thegreatmanoflettersAutobiography 自传 PoorRichard sAlmanac 穷理查德历书 politician public spiritedcitizen prose
4、writer PoorRichard sAlmanac keptpublishingformanyyears includesmanyclassicalsayings abookthatispublishedeveryyeargivinginformationforthatyear ExcerptsfromFranklin sPoorRichard sAlmanac Apennysavedistwopencedear Apennysavedisapennyearned Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves Speaklittle domuch Eattolive and
5、notlivetoeat BeslowinchoosingaFriend slowerinchanging Ifyouwouldbeloved loveandbeloveable Keepyoureyeswideopenbeforemarriage halfshutafterwards SilenceisnotalwaysaSignofWisdom butBabblingiseveraMarkofFolly Autobiography Astorythatapersonwritesabouthisorherownlifeiscalledanautobiography Autobiographi
6、esarewritteninfirst personpointofview andbiographiesinthird personpointofview Autobiography content ItisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworksofAmericanliteratureproducedduringthe18thcentury anaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerica sfirstself mademan Autobiography basicfeatures embodimentofPuritanismAPur
7、itandocument itisarecordofself examination 自我审视 andself improvement 自我完善 timetable thirteenvirtues lifestyle Autobiography basicfeatures embodimentofenlighteningspirits manisbasicallygoodandfreebynaturerightsoflibertyandthepursuitofhappiness order TheAutobiography 13virtues byB Franklin 1 Temperance
8、 Eatnottodullness drinknottoelevation 节制 食不过饱 饮酒不醉 2 Silence Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself avoidtriflingconversation 缄默 言则于人于己有益 不作无益闲聊 3 Order Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime 秩序 各样东西放在一定地方 各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间 4 Resolution Resolvetoperformwhatyouought per
9、formwithoutfailwhatyouresolve 决断 事情当做必做 既做则坚持到底 5 Frugality 节俭 Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself i e wastenothing 节俭 花钱须于人于己有益 即不浪费 6 Industry Losenotime bealwaysemploy dinsomethinguseful cutoffallunnecessaryactions 勤勉 不浪费时间 每时每刻做有用之事 戒除一切不必要的行动 7 Sincerity Usenohurtfuldeceit thinkinnocentl
10、yandjustly and ifyouspeak speakaccordingly 诚恳 不欺骗人 思想纯洁公正 说话也应诚实 8 Justice Wrongnonebydoinginjuries oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty 正直 不做不利他人之事 切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务而伤害他人 9 Moderation Avoidextremes forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve 中庸 勿走极端 受到应有的处罚 应当加以容忍 10 Cleanliness Toleratenonon c
11、leanlinessinbody clothes orhabitation 整洁 身体 衣服和住所应力求清洁 11 Tranquility Benotdisturbedattrifles orataccidentscommonorunavoidable 平静 勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦恼 12 Chastity 纯洁 贞操 Rarelyusevenerybutforhealthoroffspring nevertodullness weakness ortheinjuryofyourownoranother speaceorreputation 节欲 切戒房事过度 勿伤害身体或有损自己
12、或他人的安宁或名誉 13 Humility ImitateJesusandSocrates 谦逊 效法耶稣和苏格拉底 Autobiography Thestyle itisthepatternofPuritansimplicity directness andconcision 言简意赅 Thenarrativeislucid 易懂的 thestructureissimple theimageryishomely 朴素的 Significance Itpresentsaprototype 原型 ofAmericansuccesswhichinspiredgenerationsofAmerica
13、ns AmericanDream Popular stillwell readtoday hisvaluesandstyleinfluencedlotsofAmericansItisanembodimentofPuritanismandenlighteningspirits Withithesettheformforautobiographyasagenre WhyisFranklintherepresentativeofAmericanEnlightenment 1 Hebelievedinreasonorrationality thescientificmethod equalityand
14、humanbeings abilitytoperfectthemselvesandtheirsociety 2 Heopposedintolerance restraint spiritualauthority 3 Hefavoredtheeducation Self education educatinganddisseminatingknowledgeamongpeoplebyhisnewspaperandAutobiography establishinglearningclub collegeandlibrary 4 Hefavoredfreedomofthoughts HesetuptheideasofdemocracyintheUSA
