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1、专题八 定语从句 2 词汇复习8 根据汉语提示填入以d开头的单词的适当形式 然后 背诵情景 熟记以d开头的课标高频词汇 情景 No one can deny that with the 1 development 发展 of economies in the past decades the standard of people s life has been increasing rapidly However the quality of air and water is declining people s health level is dropping and some good l
2、and has been destroyed damaged as well People who take exercise at dawn dare not go out without a defense They feel it 2 dangerous 危险的 to their health and their feeling of happiness is 3 decreasing 减少 a great deal They demand desire the government make a 4 decision 决定 and take measures without 5 del
3、ay 耽误 to improve the present situation which will make a great difference 3 译文 不可否认 随着数十年经济的发展 人们的生活水平迅速提 高 然而 空气和水的质量却在降低 人们的健康水平却在下降 一 些好的耕地也被破坏了 黎明晨练的人们不做防护不敢出去 他 们感到健康有危险 他们的幸福感也下降了很多 他们要求政府立 即做出决定并采取措施来改善目前的局面 这将产生巨大的影响 4 语言表达要流畅 定语从句来帮忙 引导词语确定好 前后关系最重 要 1 2019 江苏卷改编 We have entered into an age
4、 when dreams have the best chance of coming true 解析 考查定语从句 句意 我们已经进入到一个梦想最有可能 实现的时代 分析句子结构可知 定语从句结构完整 只缺少状语 根据先行词age可知 此处用when引导定语从句 2 2019 天津卷改编 Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences 解析 考查定语从句 句意 他们的孩子处在一个只会说个别词 语而不能说完整句子的阶段 先行词是stage 关系词在定语从句中 做地点状语
5、所以填where 5 3 2018 江苏卷改编 Self driving is an area in which China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line 解析 考查定语从句 句意 自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国 家都在同一起跑线的领域 先行词为area 关系词在从句中做地点 状语 由于前面有介词in 故用which 4 2018 全国 卷改编 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government start
6、ed a soil testing program that which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011 fertilizer use dropped by 7 7 million tons 解析 考查定语从句 分析句子结构可知 空处引导定语从句 且 在从句中做主语 修饰先行词a soil testing program 故填that或which 6 5 2016 浙江卷改编 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cr
7、y tears none of which has been proved 解析 考查定语从句 前后两句之间用 隔开 说明后一句为非 限制性定语从句 且先行词theories表示物 故用which 6 2016 天津卷改编 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week when the weather may be better 解析 考查定语从句 句意 我们将把去公园野餐的时间推迟到 下周 那时天气可能更好 next week是定语从句的先行词 由于从 句中不缺少主语或宾语 故不能用that或which 此处应用when引导 该
8、定语从句 when在从句中做时间状语 7 7 The number of smokers as is reported has dropped by 17 percent in just one year 解析 考查定语从句 句意 正如所报道的 吸烟者的数量在仅仅 一年中下降了百分之十七 分析句子结构可知 is reported位于句子中间且前后有逗号隔开 此处不能填it 结合句意分 析 此处应填as 引导非限制性定语从句 指代整个主句的内容 意为 正如 正像 8 The books on the desk whose covers are shiny are prizes for us 解析
9、 考查定语从句 句意 桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品 它 们的封面很亮 分析句子结构可知 这是一个含有定语从句的复合 句 定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语 修饰covers 意为 的 故填whose whose covers也可以表示为the covers of which或of which the covers 8 一 基本情况 9 二 考点 一 定语从句只能用that引导的情况 1 当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的一本书 2 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时
10、 The second foreign country that I expect to visit is Greek 我想去参观的第二个国家是希腊 3 当先行词是 all few little much everything anything nothing something等不定代词 时 He didn t refer to anything that had happened to him these years in his letter 在信中他没有提及这些年发生在他身上的任何事情 10 4 当先行词既有人又有物时 Do you know the things and person
11、s that they are talking about 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗 5 当先行词被the only the very the right the same等修饰时 He was the only person that witnessed the accident 他是唯一一个目击这次事故的人 This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy 这正是我要买的那本好词典 6 在以which who whom引起的问句中 为避免重复 常用that Who is the man that is standing there
12、站在那边的那个人是谁 Which is the T shirt that fits me most 最适合我的T恤衫是哪一件 11 7 在there be句型中 There are few books in the library that are helpful for my experiment 图书馆里很少有对我的实验有帮助的书 12 二 定语从句只能用which引导的情况 1 关系代词指物 做介词的宾语 China has 56 nationalities each of which has its own characteristics forming the various and
13、 colorful Chinese culture 中国有56个民族 每个民族都有自己的特点 它们形成了丰富多 彩的中国文化 2 关系代词指前面的整个句子 引导非限制性定语从句时 He failed in the exam which made his father very angry 他考试不及格 这使他父亲很生气 13 三 whose和of whom of which引导的定语从句 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country This is the scientist the name of whom is
14、 known all over the country This is the scientist of whom the name is known all over the country 这就是那位全国知名的科学家 14 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired 门
15、破了的那间教室很快就会被维修 15 四 关系代词as 的应用范围 1 as 和which一样可以引导非限制性定语从句 这两个关系代词 都指整个主句内容 as 通常译为 正如 且在定语从句中都可以做 主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首 而which不可 As is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month The moon travels round the earth once every month as which is known to everybody 众所周
16、知 月亮每月围绕地球转一周 16 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时 从句中的谓语必 须是系动词 若为实义动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which The weather turned out to be very good as was more than we could expect 天气变得非常好了 这超出了我们的预料 It rained hard yesterday which prevented me from going to the park 昨天雨下得很大 这使我没能去公园 17 2 当先行词被the same such修饰时 定语从句需用as引导 I bought the same book as you have 我买了一本跟你的一样的 书 This is such an easy math problem as everyone can work out 比较 This is such an easy math problem that everyone can work it out 这是一道如此简单的数学题 每个人都能解决 注意 当先行词被the s
