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1、.Chapter One Introduction to Intercultural CommunicationHuman being draw close to one another by their common culture, but habits and customs keep them apart. -Confucian Saying1. Definition ：Intercultural Communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are
2、 distinct enough to alter the communication event.2. A short history of intercultural communication2.1 The Burgeoning PeriodThe term “Intercultural communication” itself did not appear until Halls The silent language was published in 1959. 2.2 From 1960 to 1970a. Two preventative books reflect the c
3、ontinuous efforts made by scholars in the field in the 1960s:b. Olives Culture and Communication (1962) and Smiths Communication and Culture (1966)c. The first college class in this field taught in 1966 at the University of Pittsburgh.2.3 From 1971 to 1980a. The 1970s witnessed rapid development in
4、the field of intercultural communication. b. In 1973, Samovar and Porter published Intercultural Communication: A readerc. Indiana University awarded the first doctoral degree in intercultural communication.d. Condon and Yousefs Introduction to Intercultural Communication (1975)2.4 From 1981 to the
5、Present Timea. Condon and Yousefs stress on cultural value orientations and communication behavior parallels b. Hofstedes (1984) later work on cultural valuesc .Halls writing on high-context and low-context cultures in Beyond Culture (1977).d. Scholars in the early 1970s began to make their contribu
6、tions in research and teaching by the 1980s.3. Importance of Intercultural CommunicationThree developments 3.1 The new technology3.2 The new Population3.3 The new Economic Arena4. Studying Intercultural CommunicationWe have met the enemy, and he is us. -Pogo Three main obstacles:First, Culture lacks
7、 a distinct crystalline structure; it is often riddled with contradictions and paradoxes.Second, Culture cannot be manipulated or held in check; therefore, it is difficult to conduct certain kinds of research on this topic.Third, we study other cultures from the perspective of our own culture, so ou
8、r observations and our conclusions are tainted by our orientation. 5. Intercultural CommunicationThe main conceptions in intercultural communication:Intercultural communication: Face-to-face communication between people from differing cultural backgrounds. Intercultural communication is defined as t
9、he extent to which there is shared interpersonal communication between members of the same culture.5.1 Host and Minority CultureThe host culture is the mainstream culture of any one particular country.Minority cultures: cultural groups that are smaller in numerical terms in relation to the host cult
10、ure.5.2 Subcultures (Co-cultures)Subculture: a smaller, possibly nonconformist, subgroup within the host culture.E.G. : Black American; Native American; Hispanic- American, Chinese-American, etc.5.3 MulticulturalismMulticulturalism is the official recognition of a countrys cultural and ethnic divers
11、ity (Hollway, 1992)5.4 Cross-cultural Communication1.Cross-cultural communication is face-to-face communication between representatives of business, government and professional groups from different cultures. 2.Diplomacy is one of the oldest forms of cross-cultural communication. Travel and tourism
12、is a second form of cross-cultural communication. 3.A third form of cross-cultural communication unique to this has been the growth of the mass media. Most recently, cross-cultural communication has been accelerated by cross-border information flows brought about by computerization.5.5 Principles of
13、 Intercultural CommunicationCondon has highlighted three areas as most problematic in intercultural exchange:1.Language barrier2.Different values 3.Different patterns of behaviors. (Condon & Saito, 1974)5.6 RationaleWorldwide interest in intercultural communication grows out of two assumptions:First
14、, changes in technology, travel, economic and political systems, immigration patterns, and population density have created a world in which we increasingly interact with people from different cultures. Second, ones cultural perceptions and experiences help determine how one sends and receives messag
15、es.5.7 Approach1.Fundamental to our approach to intercultural communication is the belief that all forms of human communication involve action. 2.This book takes a view of intercultural communication that is both pragmatic and philosophical. 5.8 PhilosophyFirst, it is to the advantage of all 5.5 billions of us who share the planet to improve our interpersonal and intercultural communication abilities.Second, most of the obstacles to understanding can be overcome with motivation, knowledge, and appreciation of cultural diversity.Activities: Right or Wrong? You need to learn to accept a
