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1、2019-2020年高考英语 情态动词与虚拟语气的讲解与用法复习情态动词的解题技巧：(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：（NMETxx山东，24）Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don
2、t think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。情态动词用法归类与高考试题分析：（一）表示推测的情态动词对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing；对过去的推测，用情态动
3、词+have done / been；表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为 must, should / ought to, may, might, could；否定推测，常用cant / couldnt，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定，may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。 (1) must表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： (NMETxx 江苏)She looks very happy. She _ have
4、passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。【答案】C(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。例如： (NMETxx全国I)Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now
5、 heavily polluted.A. will B. would C. should D. must 【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。【答案】C(NMETxx上海)There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难C(3) can, could表达推测时，一般
6、用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。 （NMET08浙江）You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt（08天津）She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt（08福
7、建）It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would（08辽宁）Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must【解析】 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； 两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会。【答案】 B A
8、 B C (4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如： (NMETxx全国II) Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。【答案】 (NMETxx四川) Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. ma
9、y C. shall D. should【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B (NMETxx重庆)I cant find my purse anywhere. You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have
10、 done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：（NMETxx江苏）Im sorry. I _at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutC. mustnt have shouted【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B (2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：（NMETxx山东）Thank you for all your
11、 hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B(3) neednt have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意neednt do则
12、表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：(NMETxx福建)Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B(NMETxx上海春) The boss has given everyone a special holida
13、y, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：(NMETxx上海春) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal. A. had scored B. sco
14、red C. would score D. would have scored【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D(5) might have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：(NMETxx江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句
